DNA Structure
Where is DNA located in a Eukaryotic cell?
Nucleus
Where does DNA replication occur?
nucleus
What is the name of the sugar in RNA?
Ribose
Where does translation occur in the cell?
ribosomes
What are the two types of reproduction?
Sexual and asexual reproduction
What are the 3 structures that create a nucleotide?
nitrogen base, deoxyribose sugar, phosphate
When does DNA replication occur?
interphase
What nitrogen base replaces thymine in RNA?
uracil
What does tRNA do during Protein synthesis?
Brings the amino acids mRNA codes for
What results when an egg cell and a sperm cell unite?
zygote
Who was the scientist that discovered the structure of the DNA molecule using x-ray technology?
Rosalind Franklin
Why must DNA replication occur?
To ensure the new cells produced at the end of the cell cycle have a complete set of DNA.
What are the two types of RNA that are used in protein synthesis?
mRNA & tRNA
Why is mRNA important in protein synthesis?
It carries the code from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome.
Which type of reproduction increases the chances of having the greatest genetic variability (ie differences)?
sexual reproduction
What type of organic compound is DNA?
nucleic acid
Why is the new DNA molecule at the end of replication considered semi-conservative?
The molecule contains a portion of the original DNA molecule.
What is the RNA sequence to the DNA sequence below:
ATTGGCGTATGCA
ATTGGCGTATGCA
UAACCGCAUACGU
What do the order of the bases along a gene determine?
The amino acid that forms a protein.
What is the purpose of Meiosis?
To produce 4 haploid gametic cells (ie have half the amount of chromosomes)
How does DNA and the genes it contains make us who we are?
Based on the order of the nitrogen bases and the proteins
Explain the steps of DNA replication in detail.
1. DNA untwists
2. DNA unzips with the help of DNA Helicase that breaks the hydrogen bonds in between the nitrogen base pairs. The strands separate becoming the template strands.
3. Nitrogen bases from the cytoplasm come to match up with its corresponding base pair on the template strands. Two new molecules that are identical result.
Why does RNA need to be single stranded rather than double stranded like DNA in protein synthesis?
RNA being single stranded is able to fit through the nuclear membrane pores easier whereas DNA cant because its too bulky - double stranded. DNA relies on RNA to carry its messages out of the nucleus to be decoded.
Why does a mutation to a base pair cause problems in the formation of a protein?
Alters the amino acid sequence which alters the protein that's intended to be made.
If a cell begins meiosis with 24 chromosomes:
1) How many total cells are produced at the end of meiosis?
2) How many chromosomes are in each cell at the end of meiosis?
1) 4 cells
2) 12 chromosomes in each cell