DNA Structure
What are the components of a nucleotide?
Phosphate group, sugar (ribose), and a nitrogenous base.
During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?
S phase
A - T
G - C
What term describes DNA strands that run in opposite directions?
Antiparallel
What type of sugar is found in DNA?
Deoxyribose
What bond holds nitrogen bases together?
Hydrogen bonds.
During DNA replication the template strand is read by DNA polymerase in which direction?
3' to 5'
If a DNA strand has the sequence A-T-G-C, what is the complementary sequence?
T-A-C-G
Primer
How many hydrogen bonds form between cytosine and guanine?
3
Which nitrogenous bases are purines?
Adenine and Guanine.
What enzyme unwinds the DNA double helix?
Helicase
What type of bond holds nucleotides together along the backbone of DNA?
Covalent bonds
What enzyme adds new nucleotides to a growing DNA strand?
DNA polymerase
Which scientist discovered that DNA is the genetic material of bacteria by destroying parts of the bacteria?
Oswald Avery.
Who is(are) the scientist(s) credited with the blender experiment?
Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase.
What is the name of the Y-shaped region where DNA replication occurs?
Replication fork
Name all the scientists credited with the discovery of the double-helix structure of the DNA molecule.
Who was the scientist that discovered bacterial transformation.
Which enzyme adds short repeated DNA sequences to the poles of chromosomes?
Telomerase
Why do purines pair with pyrimidines?
To maintain consistent width.
What are the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell division?
Prokaryotes: circular DNA structure, one replication origin and occurs in the cytoplasm.
Eukaryotes: linear structure, multiple replication origins and occurs in the nucleus.
If a DNA molecule contains 35% adenine, what percentage of cytosine does it contain?
15%
What model describes DNA replication where each new molecule contains one original strand and one new strand?
Name the short DNA fragments synthesized on the lagging strand.
Okazaki fragments