DNA Structure
This monomer is what builds DNA.
What is a nucleotide?
This enzyme is responsible for "unzipping" the DNA double helix by breaking hydrogen bonds.
What is helicase?
DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides in this specific directional orientation.
What is 5' to 3'?
This scientist determined that the bases of DNA pair in a predictable way.
Who is Erwin Chargaff?
This organelle houses DNA.
What is the nucleus?
This term describes the "twisted ladder" shape of the DNA molecule.
What is a double helix?
This enzyme acts as the "builder," adding new nucleotides to the growing DNA strand.
What is DNA Polymerase III?
This strand is synthesized continuously in the same direction that the replication fork is opening.
What is the leading strand?
This scientist is known for taking the famous "Picture 51" of DNA using X-Ray Diffraction.
Who is Rosalind Franklin?
This is the process that converts light and carbon dioxide into glucose.
What is photosynthesis?
According to Chargaff's Rule, these bases always pair with each other (complementary bases).
What is adenine (A) and thymine (T), and guanine (G) and cytosine (C)?
This enzyme reconnects the backbone of DNA on the lagging strand.
What is ligase?
This is the name of the Y-shaped region where DNA is being split and replicated.
What is the replication fork?
These scientists are credited with creating the first model of the structure of DNA.
Who are Watson and Crick?
This is the process that converts glucose into ATP (cellular energy).
What is cellular respiration?
These are the three components that make up a single nucleotide.
What are a phosphate group, a pentose (deoxyribose) sugar, and a nitrogenous base?
These proteins bind to the separated DNA strands to keep them from snapping back together during replication.
What are Single-Strand Binding Proteins (SSBs)?
The leading strand is built towards the replication fork, while the lagging strand is built in this direction relative to the fork.
What is away from the replication fork?
Random one because we didn't talk about any other DNA scientists:
This scientist came up with the theory of relativity, and is one of the most well known physicists in history.
Who is Albert Einstein?
This is the type of biome you would find in Antarctica.
What is the desert?
Because the two strands of DNA run in opposite directions (5' to 3' and 3' to 5'), the strands are said to be this.
What is antiparallel?
This enzyme undoes the twisting double-helix shape of DNA, allowing for replication to begin.
What is Topoisomerase?
These are the short segments of DNA produced on the lagging strand.
What are Okazaki fragments?
This scientist is known for coining the term "natural selection", and is credited with discovering evolution.
Who is Charles Darwin?
This is the order of the stages of mitosis.
What are prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase (PMAT)?