DNA Structure
How many types of nitrogen bases are there in DNA?
4
What is a deletion mutation?
When one or more nucleotides are removed from a DNA sequence.
What are the complementary base pairs for the sequence of DNA below?
AGTCCAAG
TCAGGTTC
Thymine (T)
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Why are the two strands of a DNA molecule considered to be antiparallel?
They are positioned sided by side but "run" in opposite directions.
What is DNA Helicases role in DNA replication?
It unwinds and separates the two DNA strands.
What are the THREE parts of a DNA nucleotide?
Deoxyribose sugar, phosphate group, nitrogen base
What makes up the "rung" (middle) of a DNA molecule?
Nitrogen base
What is the direction of the lagging strand of DNA?
5' to 3'
What is the direction of the leading strand of DNA?
3' to 5'
What is an insertion mutation?
When one or more nucleotides is added to a DNA sequence.
What makes up the sides of a DNA molecule?
Deoxyribose sugar and phosphate group
What is the role of DNA polymerase in DNA replication?
It adds new nucleotides to the separated DNA strands.
What is an inversion mutation?
What is the name of the point where the two DNA strands split during replication?
Replication fork
Name one of the three people who helped discover the structure of DNA.
James Watson, Francis Crick, and Rosalind Franklin
Why is DNA Replication described as a semi-conservative process?
Each strand in the original DNA molecule is used as a template when DNA is replicated. At the end of DNA replication there are two completed DNA molecules, each containing one strand from the original "parent" DNA molecule.
What are Okazaki fragments?
The small sections of nucleotides added to the lagging strand.
What is the role of DNA ligase in DNA replication?
It binds together (attaches) the okazaki fragments of the lagging strand.