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DNA Vocabulary
DNA Structure
DNA Function
DNA Replication
Miscellaneous
100
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
100
What is the shape of DNA?
Double-stranded helix / ladder / spiral staircase
100
The polynucleotide strands are held together by ________________________ bonds.
hydrogen
100
The first step in DNA replication......
DNA uncoils and unzips
100
The number of chromosomes in a human diploid cell.
What is 46?
200
Which two bases are purines?
Adenine and Guanine
200
Where is DNA located in eukaryotic cells?
In the nucleus of cells.
200
DNA polarity/directionality is expressed in terms of two "ends". This is the end where DNA polymerase able to extend the strand.
What is the 3'end?
200
When DNA strands separate, what is the Y-shaped region that forms called?
Replication Fork
200
Identify two differences between DNA and RNA.
DNA: Is made up of ATGC bases, deoxyribose sugar & are double stranded. RNA: Is made up of AUGC bases, ribose sugar & are single stranded.
300
These are segments of DNA that relate to certain trait?
What is a gene?
300
What is the monomer of DNA called?
Nucleotide
300
In RNA, Adenine pairs with what nitrogenous base?
Uracil (U)
300
The enzyme responsible for proofreading the new DNA and bringing free nucleotides to the growing DNA strand
What is DNA polymerase?
300
What is the complimentary DNA strand of: 3'-GGCATA-5'
5'-CCGTAT-3'
400
Where in the cell cycle does replication take place?
S phase (within Interphase)
400
The proteins that DNA is wound around.
What are histones?
400
The process of making RNA from DNA.
What is transcription?
400
What is the difference between the leading and lagging strand?
Leading strand - nucleotides added in one continuous motion Lagging strand - nucleotides added discontinuously in short segments
400
What is the mistake in DNA called.
Mutation
500
What are the short segments on the lagging strand called?
Okazaki Fragments
500
What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?
Phosphate group, 5-carbon sugar , and nitrogenous base.
500
Why is DNA replication considered semi-conservative?
One of the original strands of DNA is retained (conserved) in the newly constructed strand.
500
What is the role of ligase in DNA replication?
It fills in the gaps on the lagging strand.
500
If the sample in DNA is 38% Cytosine (C), what % of Adenine (A) is present?
Adenine 12%