DNA
What is the shape of DNA, and what is its full name?
Double helix, Twisted ladder
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
What does RNA stand for?
Ribonucleic Acid
What is Transcription?
This process occurs in the nucleus and creates a strand of mRNA from a DNA template.
Condon are paired in
Condon are paired in 3
What is Deletion Mutation?
a portion of a DNA sequence is lost or removed during DNA replication
What does DNA carry? (Hint: What information?)
DNA carries the genetic information for the development and functioning of an organism
The Thymine base is replaced with ________ in the RNA
The Thymine base is replaced with Uracil in the RNA
What is Translation?
This process happens in the ribosome and turns mRNA into a chain of amino acids.
There are three codons that signal the end of synthesis, these are called STOP codons.
What are the three stop codons?
UAA
UAG
UGA
What is Inserrtion Mutaion and Substitution mutaion?
Inserrtion Mutaion a type of genetic change where one or more extra nucleotide bases are added into a DNA sequence
Substitution mutaion a type of mutation in which one nucleotide is replaced by a different nucleotide.
Name all the DNA bases. (Full name, not just the letter)
Adenine (A), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C), and Thymine (T)
What does mRNA, tRNA, rRNA stand for?
They are messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
The double helix is undone by the________.
The double helix is undone by the enzyme helicase
Write the CODON that corresponds with each amino acid. There may be more than one.
histidine
CAC
List one of the ways the amino acid Phe-Tyr-Ser-Leu can be translated (Looking for the bases)
UUC- ACU- UCA- CUA
Explain Chargaff's rule. (Hint: it has to do with the bases.)
Chargaff's rule refers to the Base pairing as shown below
A = T
T = A
G = C
C = G
Explain what the roles of mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA are
mRNA (Messenger RNA): Carries the genetic code from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm
tRNA (Transfer RNA): Acts as an adaptor molecule, linking amino acids to specific mRNA codons.
rRNA (Ribosomal RNA): is a structural and catalytic component of ribosomes, facilitating protein synthesis
Locate the start codon on the chart. What are the three bases of this codon?
AUG
Use the codon chart to write the amino acid that corresponds to each codon found in mRNA
C C C ______________________
A G U ______________________
C A G ______________________
C C C Pro
A G U Ser
C A G Gin
What is a mutation? Give an example
This term refers to a change in the DNA sequence.
Change replacing, or deleting a base in a DNA sequence.
Draw a diagram of a DNA molecule with a total of three nucleotides. Label the structure (Hint: we went over this yesterday)
You should have drawn a Phosphate, Sugar, and Base
1. The shape is different 2. There is no T in RNA
3. There is no U in DNA
4. DNA has deoxyribose, RNA has ribose sugar
5. DNA stores long-term genetic information
6. RNA helps carry out DNA's instructions
Proteins are made up of ________ that are linked together
Proteins are made up of Amino acids that are linked together
DNA → T A C - C A T - G G A
RNA →
Amino Acids →
DNA → T A C - C A T - G G A
RNA → A U G - G U A - C C U
Amino Acids → Met or Start, Val, Pro
What is a stop codon? Give me a STOP codon example
When translation ends, this kind of codon is reached. UAA