The term used to describe the direction of base paired nucleotides in the double helix of DNA.
antiparallel
100
Used X-Ray diffraction to reveal that DNA had an X-shaped pattern (helix).
Rosalind Franklin
100
Unlike eukaryotic cells, prokaryotic cells have DNA with a ________ shape.
Circular
(round or circle)
200
This scientist (and his team) found that DNA is the molecule responsible for bacterial transformation.
Oswald Avery
200
This enzyme unwinds (unzips) the DNA double helix.
helicase
200
This enzyme adds free nucleotides to the template strand during DNA replication.
DNA Polymerase
200
Discovered the Structure of DNA.
James Watson and Francis Crick
(must say both names: Watson and Crick)
200
a virus that infects bacteria is called a
bacteriophage
300
This scientist discovered the process of transformation.
Frederick Griffith
300
What components of a nucleotide make up the backbone of the double helix?
the phosphate and the 5 carbon sugar (deoxyribose)
300
Name the four nitrogenous bases. (full names!!)
adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine
300
What type of bond holds the DNA backbone together?
The same type of bond also holds the three components of a single nucleotide together.
covalent bonds
300
Griffith plated two strains of bacteria (R and S strains) in his experiment. Which strain caused pneumonia?
S strain
400
Who worked with bacteriophages in order to determine if DNA or protein is the genetic material?
Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase
(Hershey-Chase)
400
Discovered that the percentages of Thymine and Adenine bases were almost equal in DNA. Also discovered that the percentages of Guanine and Cytosine were almost equal in DNA.
Erwin Chargaff
400
Adenine and Guanine are ___________.
Thymine and Cytosine are ___________.
(hint: bigger molecule = small word
smaller molecule = big word)
A and G are purines
T and C are pyrimidines
400
DNA replication occurs during which phase of mitosis and meiosis 1?
interphase
400
the tips of chromosomes are called what?
(hint: these tips can be easily lost during each replication)
telomeres
500
In the Hershey-Chase experiment, _____________ were used to "tag" the DNA and protein coat in order to determine which molecule was injected into the bacterial cell.
Radioactive Substances
(x2 extra points: if you said radioactive phosphorous and radioactive sulfur)
500
What are the three roles of DNA?
Storing Information
Copying Information
Transmitting Information
500
These three components make up a single nucleotide.
Phosphate
5 carbon sugar (deoxyribose)
Base (nitrogenous base)
500
In base pairing: ______ bonds with _____ to make _____ hydrogen bods and ________ bonds with ______(#) to make ______(#) hydrogen bonds.
A bonds with T to make 2 hydrogen bonds
C bonds with G to make 3 hydrogen bonds
500
How many hydrogen bonds will DNA polymerase create when replicating this template strand:
AATGCCTCTC?
Template: A A T G C C T C T C
New: T T A C G G A G A G
H bonds: 2+2+2+3+3+3+2+3+2+3 =25 Hydrogen bonds