DNA
Where is the DNA located?
The nucleus
Are all mutations bad?
No
How many pairs of chromosomes does a human have if there are no mutations?
23 pairs
What is the difference between an inherited and an acquired trait?
An inherited trait is a characteristic that is based down from one generation to the next through DNA.
An acquired trait is a characteristic that is not linked to DNA.
Which DNA bases pair when there are no mutations?
Adenine - Thymine
Cytosine - Guanine
What is the complementary sequence to the DNA strand:
ATCAGC
TAGTCG
The three types of mutations are: advantageous, neutral, and disadvantageous, which one makes up the majority of mutations?
Neutral mutations
Y from his dad and X from his mom.
How many adenines would there be in a DNA sequence containing 20 guanines (and unknown amount of A,T, and C)?
There is no way to tell because adenine does not pair with guanine.
A daughter gets _____ chromosome from her father and ______ chromosome from her mother.
X from her father and X from her mother.
What is one segment of DNA that codes for a trait called?
Gene
Give an example of an advantageous mutation and a disadvantageous mutation that we covered in class.
Advantageous: ability to digest milk
Disadvantageous: fatal insomnia, cancer, sickle cell
What chromosomes does someone have if they are chromosomally male? female?
Male XY
Female XX
Give an example of a trait, we covered in class, that can be affected by both environment and genetics.
Height, hair color, skin tone, heart disease, poor hearing.
What are the two sources of variation for a species?
Mutation and sexual reproduction
What is the name of the organelle that carries the DNA?
What are two groups of things (- that we talked about in class) that can cause mutations?
Radiation and chemicals
How many total chromosomes does a person have when there are no mutations?
46 chromosomes
What is the purpose of the double helix shape for DNA
_____________ are special pictures of an individual's chromosomes.
Karyotype
What are the three parts that make up DNA?
Deoxyribose sugar, phosphate, and a base.
DNA mutations often occur when cells are_______
self-replicating
In class, we discussed the chromosomal divergence of Down Syndrome. Which chromosome pair had the divergence and explain the divergence?
There are three chromosomes at chromosome 21 instead of 2.
How many total chromosomes does a person with Down Syndrome have?
47 total chromosomes.
Which cells in the human body does NOT have DNA?
Mature red blood cells