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Fun Facts About Translation
Bonds
(According to chart on fact sheet)
Some More Facts
Vocabulary!!!!!!!!!
100
What is the cellular structure where translation takes place?
Ribosome!!!
100
Name the two codes for Phe.
UUU or UUC!!!
100
What is the protein called involved in translation?
Polypeptide chain!!!
100
What is an Anticodon?
Sequence of three nucleotides. It bonds in antiparellel fashion with a codon on mRNA at the acceptor site of a ribosome during translation.
200
What is the process of translation?
Transforming DNA to mRNA to proteins!!!
200
Name at least one code for Val.
GUU or GUC or GUA or GUG!!!
200
What are the bonds called that form between amino acid subunits?
Peptide Bonds!!!
200
What is an Acceptor site?
One secondary structural feature of tRNA, contains the sequence CCA and has a free 3' -- OH. It binds to the amino acid.
300
Is all of the mRNA translated?
No, the beginning is not!!!
300
Where are the stop points in amino acid codes?
UAA, UAG, UGA!!!
300
What is the term used to describe a group of separate ribosomes that are bound to the same mRNA strand?
Polyribosome!!!
300
What is a Carboxyl Group?
A chemical functional group made up of a carbon double bonded to an oxygen and single bonded to an --OH group.
400
Describe the first phase of Translation.
Initiation: When a small subunit of a ribosome encounters an mRNA, it attaches and starts to scan for a start signal. When it finds the start sequence AUG, the codon (triplet) for the amino acid methionine. The large subunit joins the small one to form a complete ribosome and the protein synthesis is initiated.
400
How many nucleotides are there?
THREE!!!
400
In which direction does the ribosome move along the mRNA molecule (5' to 3' or 3' to 5')?
Ribosomes move along the mRNA molcule in the 5' to 3' direction.
400
What are Initation factors?
The class of proteins that help with the association of the initiation complex. Initiation factors help bring together the various components of the initiation complex.
500
Describe the next two phases of Translation.
Elongation: A new tRNA+amino acid enters the ribosome, at the next codon downstream of the AUG codon. If its anticodon matches the mRNA codon it basepairs and the ribosome can link the two aminoacids together. The ribosome then moves one triplet forward and a new tRNA+amino acid can enter the ribosome and the procedure is repeated. Termination: When the ribosome reaches one of three stop codons, termination proteins bind to the ribosome and stimulate the release of the polypeptide chain (the protein), and the ribosome dissociates from the mRNA. When the ribosome is released from the mRNA, its large and small subunit dissociate. The small subunit can now be loaded with a new tRNA+methionine and start translation once again.
500
Name all four codes for gly.
GGU, GGC, GGA, GGG!!!
500
During elongation, what type of bond is formed between amino acids in the A and P sites of the ribosome?
Peptide bond!!!
500
Peptide bond is...
Formed between amino acids during elongation. Bonds between a nitrogen and a carbon that is a part of carbonyl are peptide bonds.