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TRANSCRIPTION
TRANSLATION
MUTATIONS
CAN YOU APPLY IT?
MISCELLANEOUS
100
Location of transcription in the cell
What is the NUCLEUS
100
Location of Translation
At the ribosome (free in cytoplasm or attached to rough endoplasmic reticulum-RER)
100
List factors that can cause mutations
can occur randomly, or environmental factors like xrays, gamma rays, UV rays, chemicals
100
Name the tRNA anticodons for methionine and tryptophan
UAC and ACC
100
How is DNA the same in all organisms?
Double helix structure; bases = A,T,G,C
200
Enzyme involved in transcription
What is RNA POLYMERASE
200
List the 3 tRNA binding sites on the ribosome. What site is filled first?
E,P,A The P site is filled first.
200
A type of mutation where one base pair is substituted and the result = a different amino acid is produced.
What is MISSENSE MUTATION
200
Transcribe the following: ATACGC
Transcribe = DNA -> RNA UAUGCG
200
What is the start codon and what amino acid does it specify?
AUG- methionine
300
Direction of transcription
What is 5' to 3'
300
What is the purpose of anticodons?
The tRNA anti-codon base pairs with the codon on the mRNA so that the correct amino acids are incorporated into the developing protein
300
The type of mutation that involves insertion or deletion of 1 or 2 nucleotides
What is Frameshift Mutation (very BAD)
300
Choose the type of mutation: original: ATGCATCAT mutated: ATGCTCAT
Frameshift (deletion of nucleotide)
300
Name the stop codons
UGA, UAA, UAG
400
End result of transcription
To copy the DNA code into RNA (messenger RNA)
400
Purpose of translation
What is to make polypeptides (chains of amino acids connected by peptide bonds, processed into functional proteins)
400
Type of mutation that involves one nucleotide substitution and codes for a early stop codon
What is NONSENSE mutation
400
Choose the type of mutation: original: AGAAAAGGG mutated: AGAUAAGGG
Nonsense mutation (stop codon too early in reading frame)
400
Where can mutation HOT spots be found on a DNA strand?
Mutations are likely to occur in regions of repeated nucleotides
500
3 steps of mRNA processing:
1. 5' cap 2. Introns cut out; Exons spliced (small nuclear ribonucleoprotein or snRNPs ) 3. 3' Poly 'A' tail
500
What is the function of the golgi body in the cell?
To process, package and ship newly made proteins
500
Which type of mutation would result in a non-functional protein?
What is Frameshift (insertion or deletion) mutaiton
500
Choose the type of mutation: original: AUGCAAAAU mutated: AUGCAAGAU
What is MISSENSE mutation (specifies a different amino acid)
500
What is the name of the site on DNA where transcription starts?
Promoter region.