DNA Structure
Protein Synthesis
DNA Replication
Mutations
Wild Card
100
What is a nucleotide
100
The function of mRNA
To carry instructions from the chromosomes to the ribosomes
100
What is the direction of DNA synthesis
5' to 3' direction
100
The difference between a chromosomal mutation and a gene mutation
Chromosome mutations change and impact the entire chromosome
Gene mutations are on a single point of the chromosome
100
Normal female
200
The DNA molecule has been described as a double helix or a "twisted ladder". The rungs (middle) of the ladder are made of...
nitrogen bases
200
anti codon
200
What does it mean to be semi-conservative?
Some of the DNA is kept in the new strand, so each parent strand of a DNA molecule acts as a template for the formation of a new complementary strand
200
Explain the difference between an exon and an intron
exons are the coding areas - introns are the non coding areas of the gene
200
What animal did Ms. O study in Costa Rica?
Sloth
300
What is a codon?
a sequence of three nucleotides which together form a unit of genetic code in a DNA or RNA molecule
300
Protein molecules consist of
long chains of amino acids
300
List two differences between the leading strand and the lagging strand
1. A leading strand is synthesized in 5'-3'direction, lagging strand is synthesized in the 3'-5' direction
2. The leading strand is synthesized continuously while a lagging strand is synthesized in fragments which are called Okazaki fragments.
300
The following diagram illustrates....
Inversion
300
Describe Turner's Syndrome
- caused by monosomy X
- ‘short stature, swelling, broad chest, low hairline, low-set ears, and webbed necks
- non-working ovaries, which results in an absence of menstrual cycle and sterility
- visuospatial, mathematical, and memory defects
400
Describe the steps of translation
- Initiation
- Elongation
- Termination
400
The anticodon for the amino acid arginine
UCC
400
The purpose of Topoisomerase
Keeps DNA unwound/flat like a ladder
400
Jacob Syndrome
400
What type of mutation occurred here?
Un-mutated line of DNA: TAC CAG GGC TAG ACT
Mutated line of DNA: TAC CAG GAC TAG ACT
Point Mutation - missense
500
What is the DNA backbone made of?
alternating sugar (deoxyribose) and phosphate groups
500
If DNA has the coding: AATCGT
The mRNA will have the corresponding:
UUAGCA
500
Draw a basic replication fork
Include the following labels: parent strand (x2), leading strand, lagging strand, Okazaki Fragments, 5’ and 3’ directional
500
What error is depicted below? Describe it
Nondisjunction - When chromosomes that normally separate during meiosis remain together - results in the addition or loss of a whole chromosome
500
Disease when: the 20th nucleotide of the gene for the beta chain of hemoglobin found on chromosome 11 is changed from the codon GAG (for glutamic acid) to GUG (which codes valine), so the 6th amino acid is incorrectly substituted
Sickle Cell Disease