The Structure of DNA
What are the building blocks of DNA called?
What are nucleotides?
What is the full form of DNA?
What is Deoxyribonucleic Acid?
This type of RNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes.
What is messenger RNA (mRNA)?
What is the role of tRNA in translation?
tRNA (transfer RNA) carries amino acids to the ribosome during translation.
Which nitrogenous base is found in DNA but not in RNA?
Thymine
What are the three parts of a nucleotide?
What are a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base?
Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA molecule during replication?
What is DNA Helicase?
This enzyme is responsible for synthesizing RNA during the transcription process.
What is RNA polymerase?
What is the start codon in the genetic code?
The start codon is AUG (adenine, uracil, guanine), which codes for the amino acid methionine.
How many strands does DNA have, and how many strands does RNA have?
DNA has a double-stranded structure, while RNA is single-stranded.
Which components make up the backbone of a DNA molecule?
What are sugar and phosphate groups?
Which enzyme helps to join the nucleotide fragments in the lagging strand?
What is DNA Ligase?
This type of RNA is responsible for bringing amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis.
What is transfer RNA (tRNA)?
What are the three stop codons in the genetic code?
The three stop codons are UAA, UAG, and UGA.
Where is DNA primarily found in a eukaryotic cell?
DNA is primarily located in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell.
Name the four nitrogenous bases found in DNA.
What are adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine?
What is the first step in DNA replication?
What is DNA unwinding or separation of the two strands?
These three types of RNA (mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA) work together to carry out this process.
What is protein synthesis?
What is the primary role of the ribosomes in translation?
Ribosomes act as the cellular machinery for protein synthesis by facilitating the assembly of amino acids into polypeptide chains.
What is the main function of DNA?
DNA stores and carries the genetic information of an organism.
How does the double helix model explain the process of DNA replication?
The two strands of the DNA molecule separate, and each strand serves as a template for the creation of a new complementary strand, resulting in two identical DNA molecules.
Which enzyme proofreads the newly synthesized DNA strand and corrects any errors?
What is DNA Polymerase Proofreading or DNA Repair Enzyme?
How does the RNA polymerase know where to bind for transcription?
The enzyme only binds to promoters
What is the difference between codons and anticodons?
Codons are sequences of three nucleotides on mRNA that specify particular amino acids, while anticodons are complementary sequences on tRNA that recognize and pair with codons during translation.
Which process converts DNA into RNA?
Transcription