MUTATIONS
This type of point mutation changes a single nucleotide but results in the exact same amino acid due to the redundancy of the genetic code.
What is a silent mutation?
The passing of traits from parents to offspring.
What is heredity?
What are the three parts that makeup a single nucleotide?
What are a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base?
During this initial phase of both mitosis and meiosis, chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes.
What is prophase?
This happens when a red snapdragon and a white snapdragon cross to produce pink offspring.
What is incomplete dominance?
This type of point mutation changes a single amino acid in the protein sequence.
What is a missense mutation?
An organism with two different alleles for a trait.
What is heterozygous?
What is the specific type of sugar found in the backbone of a DNA nucleotide?
What is deoxyribose?
In this specific phase of meiosis I, homologous chromosomes line up side-by-side at the cell's equator.
What is metaphase I?
Instead of dominant or recessive, the heterozygous phenotype for incomplete dominance is best described as this.
What is a blend or intermediate mixture of both traits?
This type of point mutation introduces a premature stop codon, often resulting in a shortened and non-functional protein.
What is nonsense mutation?
The physical expression or appearance of a trait.
What is a phenotype.
This monomer acts as the fundamental repeating structural unit of a nucleoid acid like DNA.
What is nucleotide?
Sister chromatids are pulled apart toward opposite poles during this phase of mitosis.
What is anaphase?
In cattle, crossing a red cow and a white cow can sometimes produce this intermediate tan or golden color.
What is a palomino or roan trait?
The three main types of point mutations are substitution, insertion, and this third type.
What is deletion?
An allele that is masked or hidden when a dominant allele is a present.
What is a recessive allele?
Which two molecules alternate to form the outer structural "backbone" or sides of the DNA double helix?
What are sugar and phosphate?
Unlike its counterpart in mitosis, this specific phase in meiosis II separates sister chromatids into four distinct haploid nuclei.
What is anaphase II?
If a parent with Type A blood and a parent with Type B blood have a child, the mathematical chance they have a Type O child is this percentage.
What is 25%?
If the normal DNA sequence is AAA AUG CUC and it mutates to AAA AUU CUU CUC, this specific type of point mutation has occurred.
What is a substitution mutation?
Known as the "Father of Genetics" for his work with pea plants.
Who is Gregor Mendel?
The combination of a sugar, a phrosphate and a nitrogen base bonded together is scientifically known as this.
What is nucleotide?
This final step of cell division physically splits the cytoplasm, resulting in distinct daughter cells.
What is cytokinesis?
When two genes sit very close together on the same chromosome and do not assort independently, they are called this.
What are linked genes?