DNA
Genes/Alleles
Heredity
Punnett Squares
Important Terms
100
What is the shape of DNA?
Double helix.
100
What are genes?
They are segments of DNA in chromosomes that give instructions for making different traits/characteristics.
100
What is genotype?
Genotype is the combination of alleles inherited from parents to their offspring.
100
What is a punnett square?
It is a graph to find all the offspring's possible genotype comcinations, the probability of it.
100
What is homozygous?
It is when an organism has 2 dominant or 2 recessive alleles for a trait
200
What are the four bases on the rungs of DNA?
They are Thymine, Adenine, Guanine, and Cytosine.
200
When do recessive alleles influence an offspring's specific phenotype?
When there are two recessive alleles of that specific phenotype inherited from parents.
200
Who conducted the first experiment on Heredity and what was used to experiment?
Gregor Mendel did it with pea plants?
200
How does a punnett square look like?
Draw.
example:
200
What are mutations?
Mutations are the changes in the number, type, and the order of the bases on a piece of DNA; it can be either harmful OR beneficial.
300
What connects the two sides of DNA in between the bases?
Weak hydrogen bonds.
300
When do dominant alleles influence an offspring's specific phenotype?
When there are one or two dominant alleles of that specific phenotype inherited from parents.
300
What is heredity?
It is the passing of genetic material from parents to offspring.
300
What is probability?
It is the chance of a specific result (usually mathematically) that can be expressed by using ratios and percentages. (can be the written result of the punnett square)
300
What is heterozygous?
It is when an organism has 1 dominant allele and 1 recessive allele for a trait.
400
How are copies of DNA made?
By a process called replication. The strand of DNA splits and finds another match for itself.
400
What are alleles?
They are the different versions of a gene that determines all the traits of all living organisms.
400
What is codominance?
Codominance is when both alleles in a heterozygous group affects the phenotype.
ex: the alien dad has blue skin, the alien mom has pink, their offspring has blue skin with pink spots
400
What are pedigrees?
They trace the traits' presence throughout generations.
400
What is a nucleotide?
It is a block/one part of a piece of DNA formed by sugar, phosphate, and bases formed together.
500
What is DNA?
The genetic material in a molecule with all the instructions for the cell's growth, function, and division.
500
Why can a gene cause genetic disorders.
It's because a single gene can produce different protein which causes trouble in red blood cells.
500
What is incomplete dominance?
It is when each alleles in a heterozygous group affects the phenotype.
ex: white and red flower's offspring will be pink
500
What is ratio?
It is an expression comparing two things and it can tell the offspring's chance of getting which allele.
500
What is a carrier?
A carrier is when a person might or might not have that trait but has it in his/her's family's genes and can pass it on to his/her's offspring.