Macromolecules
This monomer, also known as a simple sugar like glucose, is the fundamental building block of a carbohydrate.
monosaccharide
This enzyme is a critical component to the biological unzipper DNA Helicase that breaks the weak hydrogen bonds between bases to open the DNA double helix since it acts as a tension reliever on the DNA strand.
Topoisomerase
Transcription is the cellular process of making this specific single-stranded molecule from a DNA template.
mRNA
Translation takes place on this cellular structure, which can be found floating freely in the cytoplasm or attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
Ribosome
The iodine complex will turn what color in the presence of a complex carbohydrate such as starch?
Blue/Purple/Black
What are the two distinct parts of a phospholipid that dictate how it behaves in water.
hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tails
The fundamental monomer of DNA is a nucleotide that consists of a phosphate group, a nitrogenous base and what? (FULL credit awarded for the correct type)
Hint: DNA
Deoxyribose Sugar
In a eukaryotic cell, the entire process of transcription occurs safely inside this organelle.
Nucleus
This is a sequence of exactly three consecutive mRNA bases that codes for one specific amino acid.
Codon
Protein denaturation occurs when a protein sequence of amino acids are unfolded. This can occur either from extreme heat, mechanical perturbation and _______
Acid/Chemical treatment
This complex carbohydrate is used for long-term energy storage in plants and will turn a dark blue/black color in the presence of iodine.
Starch
This enzyme acts as the final "glue" of DNA replication, responsible for sealing the gaps between the Okazaki fragments.
DNA Ligase
There are multiple differences between DNA and RNA provide the two structural differences of RNA between these molecules.
Single stranded and contains Uracil instead of Thymine
This molecule is responsible for physically carrying the correct amino acids to the ribosome, matching its anticodon to the mRNA.
tRNA
In the telephone game, we are replicating a message and as we can see some information can be reproduced with error. In the context of DNA, what would an error between messages of replication, transcription and translation be similar to in the context of the central dogma.
Mutations
Extreme heat or extreme pH can cause this process, where a protein unravels and loses its functional shape without breaking its primary amino acid sequence.
Denaturation
Because each newly formed DNA double helix consists of one original parent strand and one newly synthesized strand, DNA replication is described using this term.
semi-conservative
This major enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA just enough to read the template strand and string together the complementary mRNA nucleotides to produce the mRNA strand.
RNA Polymerase
Translation terminates and releases the polypeptide chain when the ribosome encounters one of these three specific sequences (UAA, UAG, or UGA) that do not code for an amino acid.
Stop Codon
Hydrophobicity occurs when a non polar molecule interacts with a polar molecule and this ultimately forms a bilayer. What is the term when a molecule is able to be dissolved due to the polar molecules ability to react with each other?
Solubility
This is the specific scientific term for the primary structure from polymer chains of amino acids before it folds into its functional 3-dimensional protein shape
polypeptide
Because DNA polymerase can only build a new strand in the 5' to 3' direction, it must synthesize this specific strand whose parent template runs 5' to 3' toward the replication fork
Lagging Strand
What is the role of RNA?
Must be able to explicitly say:
To transcribe/transfer/rewrite information from DNA into a usable form such as mRNA
(It's role is not to produce protein)
The start sequence for translation is always the mRNA codon AUG, which codes for this specific first amino acid in every new protein.
Think back to your assignment sheet
Met (Methionine)
Ultimately using the same amount of solvents for the DNA extraction experiment, would you produce more seeable DNA or less for a different fruit like a banana which contains 18 chromosomes compared to strawberries 56.
You would produce LESS seeable DNA compared to a strawberry because of the amount of chromosomes in the cells.