DNA
What does DNA stands for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
What does RNA stand for?
Ribonucleic Acid
What is protein synthesis?
The process in which proteins are synthesized.
Which enzyme is in charge of adding new nucleotides/base pairs?
DNA Polymerase
Where can we find DNA?
In the nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria, and chloroplasts
Which structures form the RNA?
A phosphate group
A nitrogenous base
A pentose sugar (ribose)
What are the two main steps of protein synthesis?
Translation and transcription
Which enzyme is in charge of unzipping the DNA?
Which enzyme is in charge of joining the Okazaki fragments?
Helicase and Ligase
What is the role of DNA?
DNA contains the instruction an organism needs to develop, survive, and reproduce.
What are the 3 types of RNA that we reviewed in class?
tRNA, mRNA, rRNA
Which is the enzyme that transcribes DNA into RNA?
(Hint:Transcribe = “to re-write” or “to copy”)
RNA polymerase
What happens during translation?
Cells read mRNA to build a polypeptide
What are the basic units of DNA?
Nucleotides
Which type of RNA is in charge of carrying the genetic information from the nucleus into the cytoplasm (to the Ribosome) of the cell?
mRNA
In the ribosome
What are codons?
Groups of three nucleotides.
What is the structure of a nucleotide?
(Hint: it has 3 main components)
A phosphate group
A nitrogenous base
A pentose sugar called deoxyribose
What is RNA used for?
Protein synthesis
Where can we find ribosomes?
Attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)
Floating around the cytoplasm
Outside the nuclear envelope
The initiation complex is formed by:
mRNA, tRNA, and the ribosome