Structures
this nucleic acid is single stranded
RNA
What is the complement to this template DNA sequence: A T T C G A
T A A G C T
Where does this process occur and what are the main molecules involved? (what gets transcribed into what)
In the nucleus; DNA and mRNA
Where does this process occur and what are the main molecules involved? (what gets translated into what)
In the cytoplasm at the ribosome ; mRNA gets translated into proteins (tRNA is involved)
any change to the original DNA sequence
mutation
monomer of nucleic acids
nucleotides
this process is considered _________________ because one DNA molecule turns into two; each with a new strand and an original strand
semi-conservative
the type of RNA that is made from the DNA template
(full word for the first letter)
mRNA: messenger RNA
Which type of RNA carries the amino acid?
(full word for first letter)
tRNA - transfer
a mutation where one base gets changed
point/substitution
Name all 5 bases used between DNA and RNA, spell them out
Thymine
Guanine
Cytosine
Adenine
Uracil
the enzyme helicase breaks these types of bonds between the nitrogen bases
hydrogen
Transcribe this strand of DNA
template DNA: G T A C
mRNA: C A U G
what type of chain is built in translation?
peptide/amino acid
this type of mutation is the result of an insertion or a deletion of a base
frameshift
What is the monomer of DNA made up of?
a phosphate, deoxyribose sugar and nitrogenous base
According to the complementary base pair rule, if a molecule of DNA is made up of 20% Cytosine, how much of the strand is Adenine?
30% Adenine
the mRNA strand synthesized during transcription is considered to be ___________________ to the template DNA strand
complementary
Translate the following mRNA codon into the correct amino acid: AUG
what is this codon known as?
Met AKA start codon
a mutation that results in an early stop codon and a shorter and non-working protein
nonsense
DNA strands run in opposite directions, what is the term for this?
antiparallel
Briefly explain why DNA must be transcribed in order for protein synthesis to occur
DNA must be transcribed into mRNA because DNA cannot leave the nucleus, however, DNA holds the recipes for making proteins. In order for the recipe to get to the ribosomes, where proteins are made, there has to be something that can take that recipe there from the nucleus, that's why mRNA is so important.
What is the 3 letter sequence on a tRNA called?
What are the 3 letter triplets we read mRNA in called?
Which codes for the amino acid?
anticodon
codon
codon
a mutation that most commonly occurs in the 3rd base of a codon
silent