DNA Basics
This term refers to the shape of DNA, consisting of two intertwined strands.
What is a double helix?
This is where transcription takes place.
What is the nucleus?
This is where translation takes place.
What is the cytoplasm of the cell on ribosomes?
This enzyme covalently links Okazaki fragments.
What is DNA ligase?
The leading strand of a DNA molecule has the following sequence:
5’-CGCATGTAGCGA-3’
The complementary sequence is...
3’-GCGTACATCGCT-5’
Adenine pairs with this base in DNA, while cytosine pairs with this base.
What are thymine and guanine?
The enzyme responsible for synthesizing RNA from a DNA template.
What is RNA polymerase?
The codon that signals the beginning of protein translation
What is AUG?
The enzyme that adds a small piece of RNA to prime the system.
What is Primase?
What mutation causes the protein to end prematurely?
What is nonsense mutation?
Two strands of DNA are held together via complimentary-base pairing rules.
This type of RNA carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome.
What is messenger RNA (mRNA)?
A sequence of three consecutive nucleotides in mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid.
What is a codon?
The enzyme that makes DNA in the 5' to 3' direction
What is DNA polymerase?
This mutation is the worst and occurs when adding or subtracting a base, disrupting the triplet codon sequence.
What is frameshift mutation?
This type of bond links the sugar of one nucleotide to the phosphate of the next, forming the DNA backbone.
What is covalent bond?
RNA polymerase binds to a promoter sequence near the beginning of the gene
What is initiation?
This type of bond links amino acids together in a polypeptide chain, forming the primary structure of proteins.
Peptide Bond
This enzyme relieves stress on DNA that occurs during DNA replication.
What is topoisomerase (gyrase)?
What is DNA polymerase and DNA ligase?
When 2 pyrimidines bind together this occurs.
What is too narrow?
RNA polymerase adds new nucleotides to the RNA strand
What is elongation?
A trinucleotide sequence located at one end of a tRNA molecule, which is complementary to a corresponding codon in a mRNA sequence.
What is anticodon?
This enzyme cuts out damaged parts of DNA.
A set of guidelines that describe the sequence of nucleotides that ribosomes use to identify the start of a protein-coding region in an mRNA molecule
What is Kozak Rule's?