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Famous people throughout the History of LD:
It's raining, it's pouring so get under the LD umbrella for these terms:
Dyslexia Unleashed:
Dyscalculia Mania:
ADHD on the Level:
100
This man taught illiterate farmhands how to read in his childhood and went on to be known as the father of special education. He discovered that many students were not retarded but suffering from different neurological disorders and could be helped by specific regimens of training. He is known for being the one that coined and defined the term "learning disabilities" in a speech he delivered to an education conference in 1963.
Who is Samuel A. Kirk.
100
A language and reading disability.
What is Dyslexia
100
The area of oral language that relates to the ability to think about the sounds in a word (the word’s phonological structure) rather than just the meaning of the word.
What is Phonological Awareness
100
This sequence is probably one of the most popular theoretical frameworks for teaching mathematics to all children. The premise is that math instruction should follow a sequence beginning with concrete activities moving to representational activities and finishing with more abstract activities.
What is the CRA Sequence
100
These things have a severe impact on normal prenatal development. These would include things such as smoking and alcohol consumption which can significantly increase the likelihood of children developing ADHD.
What are Teratogens
200
This man used a phenomenon known as word blindness to describe children that could not read though their eye sight was perfect. He was a German neurologist that studied what is known today as dyslexia.
Who is Dr. Adolf Kussamaul
200
Problems with arithmetic and math concepts.
What is Dyscalculia
200
These are individual sounds of a language.
What are phonemes
200
This is a type of dyscalculia where the person can understand mathematical concepts when talking about them, but has difficulty reading symbols such as numerals, and cannot understand them when they occur in number sentences or equations.
What is Lexical Dyscalculia
200
A thick band of nerve fibers that divides the cerebrum into left and right hemispheres.
What is the Corpus Callosum
300
This man studied soldiers who were injured in the war and discovered that there was a connection between the parts of the brain and specific behaviors and learning processes.He identified at least three major regions of the brain that had specific functions including a region for intellectual behaviors, on for vital sources, and another focusing on moral qualities. His major research flaw was his belief and interest in phrenology which equates intelligence and personal attributes to the shape of the skull.
Who is Franz Joseph Gall
300
A writing disorder.
What is Dysgraphia
300
This is a particular reading curriculum that is considered a scientifically research supported curriculum and is popular among some of the at-risk schools in this region.
What is SpellRead
300
This idea refers to a cognitive ability to separate elements based upon contrast, that is, dark and light, black and white. Many times this definition is expanded from a simple perception based on contrast to include abstract (i.e. non-visual) concepts such as melody/harmony, subject/background and positive/negative space.
What is figure-ground
300
One of the most widely used tool to assess a student for ADHD and other behavior disorders of childhood.
What is the Conner's Rating Scale
400
This man was a researcher during the European Foundation Period. He is known for being the one who did the most to promote the idea that speech functions primarily reside in the left side of the brain. After studying several patients he concluded that a small section of the left side of the brain was responsible for speech. This part of the brain has been named after him.
Who is Pierre Paul Broca
400
Problems with motor coordination.
What is Dyspraxia
400
The inability to retrieve rapidly the spoken referent for visual stimuli. This means unable to say or name a word shown on a card or page.
What is Naming Speed Deficit
400
This idea refers to determining the number of elements of a finite (combinatorial) set in some manner, not necessarily by explicitly counting.
What is Enumeration
400
These are three different chemical neurotransmitters that have been found to be associated with ADHD.
What are Norepinephrine, Dopamine, and Serotonin
500
This researcher was known for his work during the Foundation Period. He studied the prevalence of reading disabilities, he focused on the inheritance of mixed cerebral dominance as being behind many cases of reading disabilities, and he developed the term congenital word-blindness strephosymbolia. He was also one of the first to focus on phonics instruction with students with reading disabilities and stressed repetitive drills on the fundamentals. He also introduced the idea of multisensory training and the use of kinesthetic functions to stimulate learning.
Who is Samuel Orton
500
Trouble understanding spoken language; poor reading comprehension
What is Aphasia/Dysphasia
500
This process examines letter and sound patterns across words, such as ball to fall to call, or name to game, same, etc. This idea is based on the learning principle of moving from the “known to the unknown.”
What is Analytic Phonics
500
This is a difficulty in retrieving arithmetic facts from memory.
What is Semantic Memory
500
Under this law, individuals with disabilities are defined as “persons with a physical or mental impairment which substantially limits one or more major life activities” such as learning.
What is Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973