Fluid Vibes Only
What states of matter are considered fluids?
Liquids and gases
What is viscosity?
A measure of a fluid’s resistance to flow
What is mass?
The amount of matter in an object
What is buoyancy?
The upward force a fluid exerts on an object
What is pressure?
The force applied over a specific surface area
What is one property all fluids have in common?
They can flow.
Which has a slower flow rate: honey or water?
Honey
What is volume?
The amount of space an object occupies
What type of buoyancy does a sinking object have?
Negative buoyancy
Which is more compressible: liquids or gases? Why?
Gases, because their particles are far apart and can be pushed closer together
Why do fluids not have a fixed shape? Use particle theory to explain.
Their particles can move past each other, so they take the shape of their container.
What is the relationship between viscosity and flow rate?
As viscosity increases, flow rate decreases
What is the formula for density?
Density = mass ÷ volume
If an object floats, how does its density compare to water?
It is less dense than water.
State Pascal’s Law.
A force applied to a fluid is distributed equally throughout the fluid
Identify TWO substances (one liquid, one gas) that are fluids and explain why.
Water and air; both can flow and do not have a fixed shape.
How does increasing temperature affect viscosity?
It decreases viscosity (the fluid becomes less thick)
Calculate the density: mass = 80 g, volume = 40 mL.
Make sure to show ALL units and work!
Density = 80 g ÷ 40 mL = 2 g/mL
How do fish use a swim bladder to control buoyancy?
They adjust the amount of gas in the swim bladder to change their density and float or sink.
What is the main difference between hydraulic and pneumatic systems?
Hydraulic systems compress liquids and pneumatic systems compress gases.
Using particle theory, explain why gases can flow more easily than liquids.
Gas particles are much farther apart and move more freely than liquid particles, so they can flow more easily.
Use particle theory to explain why heating a fluid changes its flow rate.
Heating increases particle energy, causing particles to move faster and spread out, reducing resistance and increasing flow rate.
Using particle theory, explain why solids are usually more dense than gases.
Solid particles are tightly packed with very little space between them, while gas particles are far apart, making gases much less dense.
Explain why ice floats in water using particle theory and density.
When water freezes, particles spread out into a more open structure due to the rigidity caused by hydrogen bonding, making ice less dense than liquid water, so it floats.
Provide an example of a hydraulic system. State one pro and one con for that specific example.
Answers will vary.