MAJOR THEORIES
Believed that people could be cured by making conscious their unconscious thoughts and motivations, thus gaining insight. Rorschach Ink Blots, Freudian slip, Free Association, and Dream Analysis.
What is Psychoanalysis?
A tendency to approach a problem in one particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past.
What is a mental set?
A set of sounds, combination of sounds, and symbols that are used for communication
What is Language
The tendency to be more confident than correct- to overestimate the accuracy of ones beliefs and judgements.
What is overconfidence?
Whorfs hypothesis that language determines the way we think.
What is Linguistic determinism?
A psychological perspective that emphasizes the study of the whole person.
what is humanistic?
Estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory and judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes.
What is availability heuristic and representatives heuristic?
Basic units of sound in a language and The smallest units of meaning in a language.
What is Phonemes and Morphemes?
Clinging to ones initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited.
What is Belief Perseverance?
System of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others.
What is Grammar?
individuals must progress through specified stages in particular order because each stage builds on the previous stage,progress through these stages is strongly related to age, and there are major discontinuities between stages in typical behavior.
What is Stage Theories?
originality of thought associated with the development of new workable products or solution to problems
What is Creativity?
the proposal that language shapes the nature of thought
What is Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis?
develops when a child recognizes that objects continue to exist when they are no longer visible.
What is Object permanence?
Beginning at about 4 months, the stage of speech development in which the infant spontaneously utters various sounds.
What is the Babbling Stage?
Trust vs Mistrust, Autonomy vs shame and doubt, Initiative vs guilt, Industry vs inferiority, identity vs confusion, intimacy vs isolation, generality vs self absorption, and integrity vs despair.
What is Erikson's Eight Stages of Cognitive Development?
he grammatical arrangement of words in sentences
What is Syntax?
Howard Gardner proposes that all humans are endowed with seven forms of intelligence: mathematical/logical, linguistic, musical, interpersonal, interpersonal, spatial, and anesthetic.
What is Multiple Intelligence?
characterized in thinking by a limited ability to share another person's viewpoint.
What is Egocentrism?
The inability to see a problem from a new perspective, by employing a different mental set.
What is Fixation?
Sensorimotor period, preoperative period, concrete operational period, and the formal operational period.
What is Jean Piaget's Four major stages of cognitive development?
the set of rules governing the meaning of words
What is Semantics?
The ability to conceive of new ways of viewing situations and bringing about new ideas and narrowing down a list of options to converge on a single answer.
What is Divergent Thinking and Convergent Thinking?
Preconventional, Conventional, and Postconventional
What is Three Levels of Kohlberg's Theory?
A simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently.
What is heuristic?