cellular bio
cellular bio
anatomy
anatomy
mixed
100
what are fatty acids?
fatty acids are the building blocks of the fat in our bodies and in the food we eat. during digestion, the body breaks down fats into fatty acids, which can then be absorbed into the blood
fatty acids have many important functions in the body, including energy storage. If glucose isn't available for energy, the body uses fatty acids to fuel the cells instead
100
what kind of reproduction does a eukaryote use?
Both asexual (mitosis) and sexual (meiosis).
100
how many amino acids do our bodies have? how many can our bodies make itself? how many do we need from food?
There are 20 kinds of amino acids, but our body can only make 11 of them by itself. The other 9 we need to get from eating food.
100
why does the left lung have a slight indent?
The cardiac notch is an indentation on the surface of the left lung, and it allows space for the heart
100
what does the right ventricle do?
Fills with oxygen-poor blood from the right atrium.
Sends the blood to the lungs to get oxygen through an artery called the pulmonary artery.
200
describe heretity
transmission of traits from generation to generation
200
DNA vs RNA?
DNA is double-stranded, forming a double helix, while RNA is usually single-stranded. The sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, whereas RNA contains ribose.
200
what is purpose of the liver?
all the blood leaving the stomach and intestines passes through the liver. it makes bile for fat digestion and absorption. breaks down proteins and creates urea.
200
what do red blood cells do? what do white cells do?
Red blood cells carry oxygen, platelets help blood clot, and white blood cells are key for immunity.
200
what is osmosis?
Osmosis is a process by which the molecules of a solvent pass from a solution of low concentration to a solution of high concentration through a semi-permeable membrane
300
hydrophilic vs hydrophobic
something defined as hydrophilic is actually attracted to water, while something that is hydrophobic resists water.
this means when hydrophobic items come in contact with liquids, water is encouraged to bead up and roll off the surface- almost pushing it away like a magnet pushes away metal objects.
300
three types of RNA and their functions?
messenger RNA (mRNA)
takes genetic message from nucleus for protein synthesis.
ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
helps with protein synthesis in ribosomes.
transfer RNA (tRNA)
carries amino acids to ribosomes for protein synthesis.
300
what does the larynx do when you swallow food?
the larynx (voice box) moves up to cover the windpipe, so food doesn't go into your lungs.
300
This starts working in your mouth and continues in your stomach. It breaks fats down into smaller parts like fatty acids.
Lingual Lipase
300
what does the pancreas do?
Makes digestive enzymes to break down carbs, fats, and proteins.
Creates bicarbonate to balance stomach acid in the small intestine.
400
what are the three kinds of carbohydrate?
Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides
400
what functions as long-term nutrient and energy storage, insulation, cushions organs, and forms an integral part of hormones and cell membranes.
lipids
400
human digestive system, how does it work?
Ingestion: This is just eating. You take food into your mouth and start to chew it.
Digestion: After you eat, your body breaks down the food.
Absorption: Happens mostly in the intestines, where the body picks up nutrients and sends them into your bloodstream.
Excretion: Getting rid of waste.
400
The longest section of the small intestine, about 6 feet long, connecting to the large intestine, is called the...?
Ileum
400
structure and function of phospholipid bilayer?
Structure
Made up of a double layer of phospholipids.
Hydrophobic head & hydrophilic tails.
Functions
Provides overall structure for the cell membrane.
Acts as a barrier between the cell and its surroundings.
Holds the other components of the cell membrane.
500
what does the nucleic acid structure consiste of?
a pentose (5 carbon) sugar (either ribose (in RNA) or deoxyribose (in DNA)
a phosphate group (PO4)
a nitrogenous base
500
structure of a prokaryote
Lacks membrane-bound organelles.
500
four parts of the stomach?
Cardia (where food enters from the esophagus),
Fundus (the upper part),
Body (the main part),
Pylorus (where food moves to the small intestine).
500
The pressure in the arteries when the heart muscle is relaxed between beats (diastole).
diastolic blood pressure
500
cardiac cylcr? how does it work?
the heart has a cycle that starts with the top parts, the atria, squeezing. this pushes blood down into the lower parts, the ventricles.
next, the ventricles squeeze too, sending blood out to the body and lungs.
then, the heart rests for a bit, and the atria fill up with blood again.