Cryotherapy
What does the temperature of the cold need to be to reduce muscle temperature?
38.3 degrees F
Name the 6 classes of modalities
Cryotherapy, thermotherapy, electrotherapy, hydrotherapy, light therapy, mechanotherapy
What modality classification is ultrasound?
thermotherapy
Which modality uses electricity to introduce ions into the body?
ionotophoresis
What temperature should paraffin wax be?
126-130 F
What is the Lewis hunting reaction?
a physiological response to cold exposure that involves alternating vasoconstriction and then after 5-10 minutes vasodilation (wherein the muscle temp increases). It occurs when extremities are exposed to cold, such as during cryotherapy
What is the SAID principle?
The body adapts in specific ways to implied demands
What is a coupling agent?
A cream or gel, applied to an area before ultrasound treatment, that provides a medium for sonic waves to penetrate the skin and decrease the chance of irritation.
What is galvanic current?
a monophasic, low-voltage, direct electrical current used on skin
What is diathermy?
Electromagnetic energy to produce temperatures that can increase tissue temperature but less heat penetration than ultrasound
What is the phenomenon called when cold exposure causes vasospasm of arteries lasting minutes or hours- and is a response to cold weather causing a whitening of fingers and toes?
Raynaud's
What are the 5 types of massage?
And which massage technique classified with stroking massage, light to deep intensity?
1.enflurrage**
2.petrissage
3.deep friction
4.tapotement
5.vibration
What is phonophoresis?
The use of ultrasound to transport medication across the skin into tissues
Which modality is used for muscle re-education?
a.low volt b.TENS c. biofeedback/Russian d. laser
c. biofeedback
What are the temperatures for a contrast bath?
Hot, 100-110 F - Cold, 50 to 60 F
What temperature should a cold tub be and what is the maximum amount of time they should spend in the cold tub?
50-60 F; no more than 20 min
What is Gate control?
A mechanism in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord allows only one sensation at a time to reach the brain
How do you attain "non-thermal" effects
pulsed duty cycle
Which electrical stimulation current helps soft tissue and bone heal by using subsensory microcurrent?
a. ultrasound b. direct current c. alternating current d. TENS e. MENS
e. MENS
Microcurrent Electrical Neuromuscular Stimulation
At what temperature does protein, cell, and tissue damage occur?
more than 113 degrees F
How deep in the muscle can the temperature be reduced from a cold tub?
4cm
What is Opiate pain control and the enkephalin response?
electrical stim stimulates the release of enkephalin from local sites through CNS and that enkephalin response Blocks gate by interfering with a-delta and c fiber T cells
Frequency of 1 MHz will penetrate; 3 MHz
deep: about 5 centimeters; superficial: about 2 cm
What does TENS mean?
transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
WHat depth of penetration occurs with superficial heating modalities?
<2cm