Occupations
True or False: OT intervention must prioritize ADL skills before IADL performance can be addressed.
False
In the 1700s and 1800s, the pre-history of OT was shaped by the Age of ________, Arts & _____ Movement, and Moral ________ Movement.
Age of Enlightenment
Arts & Crafts Movement
Moral Treatment Movement
Growing belief in human dignity, occupational engagement, and humane care formed the foundation/very start of the OT profession.
Janet automatically reaches for a cigarette each time she is stressed. This is an example of a _______.
Habit
True or False: Environment and culture have a direct impact on how individuals spend their time.
True
W&S Ch. 47 notes that the occupation of _______ can be especially supportive for people whose lives feel disrupted or disorganized, including individuals with substance use disorders.
Leisure
Name that occupation (overarching & subcategory): Engaging in quiet and effortless actions that interrupt physical and mental activity, resulting in a relaxed state
Rest and Sleep --> Rest
In the 1900s-1920s America experienced the P_______ Era and rise of WWI ________ aides. Herbert Hall founded the "____ cure"
Progressive Era
Reconstruction aides
Work Cure
A client is 12 years old, attends a public middle school, uses a wheelchair, and has a pet cat.
Identify the personal factor above.
Age: 12 years old
Which performance pattern links time and meaning?
Rituals
Janelle is a 34-year-old single parent who recently left her job because she cannot access affordable childcare. The OT recognizes that Janelle’s inability to work is not due to personal skill deficits, but stems from structural barriers limiting her participation in meaningful roles.
Based on W&S Ch 10, the OT is approaching this with an _______ _______ perspective.
Occupational justice
A young adult who recently moved to a new city reports feeling isolated. The OT helps them explore local recreation centers and neighborhood events.
Which Social Participation subcategory does this best represent?
Community Participation
In 1920-1939, the post-WWI and Great Depression Era, leaders aimed to legitimize OT by aligning with a _______ model of care.
Medical
Identify the motor, process, and social performance skills listed in the scenario (1 of each).
During a cooking task, Luis reaches for a mixing spoon but knocks over a measuring cup in the process. He sequences the steps incorrectly, adding ingredients in the wrong order. When a peer offers assistance, Luis becomes frustrated and repeatedly disagrees with the peer’s suggestions, even when they are accurate.
Motor- Reaches
Process- Sequences
Social- Disagrees
Andre was involved in a motorcycle accident 5 years ago, which resulted in a spinal cord injury. He views his life as “before” the injury and “after.” This subjective sense of time is referred to as__________.
Temporality
Based on the Education PowerPoint activity/journal entry, identify one policy or program that affects educational participation.
- Federal school voucher programs
- Medicaid and SNAP benefits
- Head Start
- Student Loan Policies
OT is helping a client with low frustration tolerance develop customer service skills at their job in a neighborhood grocery store.
What occupation is being addressed? (overarching & subcategory)
Work --> Job performance and maintenance
Match the following events with the correct era.
Rise of home computers/internet and the recovery model in mental health; OT expanded in schools due to new education legislation; COPM and PEO emerged (Mary Law), end of Cold War.
- 1960-1979
- 1980-1999
- 2000-2019
- 2020- Present
1980-1999
Identify 3 environmental factors below.
Anthony is recovering from surgery in a hospital bed. The overhead fluorescent lights remain on most of the time, and constant hallway noise makes it difficult for him to sleep. Some of his prescribed medications cause grogginess and mild nausea, and he does not like the hospital food. Eating less has made it hard for him to maintain his energy. His spouse expresses concern that he is “not doing enough to get better.” She encourages him to push through fatigue and questions whether he is motivated.
Light, sound (Natural environment and human made changes to the environment)
Medication, food (Products and technology)
Spouse (Immediate and extended family)
Attitudes (Individual attitudes of immediate and extended family)
Maria is a 27-year-old woman with spastic CP. Each morning, it takes her 45 minutes to get dressed because her movements are slow and effortful. She reports feeling exhausted before her day even begins.
Living with this disability makes her life more time-intensive. This is referred to as _______ time.
Consumed
From the AOTA (2023) article Impacts of Social Determinants of Health on Work, identify one social determinant of health and describe its influence on work participation.
1. Economic stability- affordability of work clothing, childcare, etc.
2. Education access and quality- literacy, job readiness
3. Health care access and quality- Absenteeism
4. Neighborhood and build environment- Transportation options (walkability)
5. Social and community context- Higher engagement, enhances performance
List the 9 major categories of Occupations and then list 1 subcategory for each.
ADLs- Bathing, toileting, dressing, eating, feeding, functional mobility, grooming, sexual activity
IADLs- Care of others, care of pets, child rearing, communication management, driving/community mobility, financial management, home establishment/management, meal prep, religious expression, safety/emergency maintenance, shopping
Health Management- Social/emotional health promotion, Symptom management, communication with healthcare system, medication management, physical activity, nutrition management, personal care device management
Rest/Sleep- Rest, sleep preparation, sleep participation
Education- Formal education participation, information personal education needs/interest exploration, information educational participation
Work- Employment interests and pursuits, employment seeking, job performance, retirement preparation, volunteer exploration, volunteer participation
Play- Play exploration, play participation
Leisure- Leisure exploration, leisure participation
How does the OTPF reflect the philosophical principles that guide occupational therapy practice?
- Occupation as Central to Health
- Health is Not Merely the Absence of Disease (Health= Well-Being and Quality of Life)
- Client-Centered and Collaborative Practice
- Holistic Approach (Mind, Body, and Environment/Context; The OTPF emphasizes the interaction among client factors, performance skills, performance patterns, and contexts; people cannot be understood or treated in isolation from their environments, routines, values, and roles)
Identify the client factors in the case below:
Trevor is a 52-year-old man who identifies as a straight white male. He works as a mechanic and is quite outspoken about his workplace- he feels that it is overwhelming and overly demanding. Social connection is important to him, and he enjoys lunch breaks because they allow unstructured time to interact with coworkers. He especially likes participating in card games during breaks.
Trevor has been receiving treatment for severe osteoarthritis in both knees. He believes that what you put into the universe is what you get back and lives by this principle, which leads him to feel confident that his condition will stabilize. However, due to symptom flare-ups and frequent medical appointments, he is currently falling behind in job performance. He experiences frequent pain and reduced joint stability.
Belief- His job is overwhelming and overly demanding.
Value- Social connection
Spirituality- Acting on universe-based "give and take" principles
Body functions- Pain, joint stability
Body structures- Structures related to movement (legs/knees)
Apply the following concepts to inmates at a correctional facility.
1. Time Use
2. Tempo
3. Temporality
Time Use- The actual distribution of activities across the day (what a person does, how long they do it)
- Time use is externally controlled by the facility, resulting in occupational imbalance; too much idle time, not enough meaningful occupation.
Tempo- The speed of daily life/activities
- A prison environment has a slow, monotonous tempo- days move at a controlled institutional rhythm.
Temporality- Subjective experience of time (past, present, future)
- The past may dominate, especially trauma, regrets, legal events.
- The present feels stagnant and repetitive
- The future is suspended/uncertain or centered around a release date
Marchioni et al. (2019), identifies 3 components of sexual health: sexual _____, _____, and ______.
1. Sexual identity
2. Sexual expression
3. Sexual function