Domestication
How many generations of selective breeding before an animal is domesticated?
12 generations
What is an example of aggression?
Head threat
What is the Flehmen Response? and what organ is it related to?
It is used to smell pheromones
organ: Vomeronasal Gland or Jacobson Gland
What did humans almost do to the horse population?
Extinction
What is Domestication
The Process by which a population of animals becomes adapted to man and to the captive environment by some combination of genetic changes occurring over generations and environmentally induced developmental events recurring during each generation
What is the primary role of stallions in the herd?
monitoring the herd and predator protection and prevention of other stallions entering the herd
What parts of the horse are most used for communication? (3)
- Ears (most important)
- Head Bowing
- Tail Position
What are 4 stereotypies found in horses
1) Cribbing
2) Weaving
3) Stall walking
4) Self mutilation
Dr. Uweira's favourite horse
Secretariat
What is the one true wild horse?
Przewalski's horses (aka Mongolian wild horse or Dzungarian horse) (slide 18)
What does 'Rank' mean in a herd? and what factors influence it (3)?
A part of social hierarchy, position of hierarchical rank is variable but can depend on: Height, Weight, Age
Define Temperament
a set of behavioral tendencies, present in early life and relatively stable across various kinds of situations over time (innate behavior)
what are the 5 categories of behavioral problems?
1) Dominance behavior
2) Territorial behavior
3) Flight behavior
4) Frustration behavior
5) Stereotypies
When did we domesticate the horse?
~5500 years ago (after large and small ruminants, dogs and swine)
In a wild herd what are the reproductive vs non-reproductive units called?
Reproductive units : Natal Band (a stable group of mares, offspring, and 1 stallion)
Non-reproductive units : Bachelor Group (colts socializing with other colts, banished male juveniles, old stallions, weak stallions)
Define Personality
the behavior that results from the environment such as housing, past experiences 'effects' on temperament.
What is 'Equine Psychopharmacology? and what are 3 examples?
Drug treatment: helps behavioral and environmental modification
3 drug examples:
1) fluoxetine
2) Trazadone
3) Alprazolam
How often are horses alert (%)
100% of the time, 60% of the time is walking in 24 hours (~13-14 hours per day)
Name the 4 equine personality factors
1) Gender
2) Genetics (selective breeding)
3) Socialization (human and horse interactions)
4) Environment
What's the name of Sadie's Horse
Gracie