Disease Characteristics
Changes in a body that can be measured or observed due to a disease.
What are Signs?
This type of pathogen causes disease when something has compromised the host's defenses. For example, the normal microbiota.
What are Opportunistic Pathogens?
Phagocytosis can be initiated by interaction of PRRs with _______.
What are PAMPs?
Antibodies recognize these small exposed regions. They also can be displayed by APCs.
What are Epitopes?
Has no nucleus.
What is a Prokaryotic Cell?
______ disease sees the causative agent be inactive for a time but when it is activated, it produces symptoms.
What is a Latent Disease?
The parenteral route is a type of ___________ for pathogens.
What is a Portal of Entry?
Cell membrane proteins that join cells together to prevent invasion.
What are Cell Junctions?
These APCs are phagocytic with nonspecific antigen receptors.
What are Macrophages and Dendritic Cells?
Has a thick peptidoglycan cell wall and teichoic acids.
What is a Gram-Positive Bacteria?
________ vector transmission involves a vector that carries a pathogen but it is not infected.
What is Mechanical Vector Transmission?
These two-part toxins inhibit protein synthesis within the host cell.
What are A-B toxins?
Release perforins and granzymes to kill infected body cells.
What are Natural Killer Cells?
Faster and more effective due "memory."
Its feeding form is called a trophozoite.
What is a Protozoan?
Typhoid Mary is a perfect example of this type of carrier:
What is an Asymptomatic Carrier?
Phagocytes are induced to release this molecule when they have engulfed gram-negative bacteria.
Produced by the sebaceous glands to produce a mantle on the surface of the skin.
What is Sebum?
Activation of B cells by nonprotein antigens leads to the production of these type of cells.
What are Plasma Cells?
Used by aerobic organisms to break down hydrogen peroxide.
What is Catalase?
This type of transmission involves contact between mucous membranes (give the full name).
What is Horizontal Direct Contact Transmission?
Name one way intracellular pathogens can invade a cell.
Endocytosis (Bind to receptors or Membrane Ruffling) or Grow in Phagocytes.
Members of the normal microbiota can take space away from pathogens. This action is an example of ________.
What is Competitive Exclusion?
Explain why infection of Helper T Cells by HIV is detrimental to the overall purpose of the adaptive immune system.
Prevents activation of B cells to produce Memory B cells.
Name a mode of action for antibiotics.
Inhibiting Cell Wall, Nucleic Acid, Metabolite and Protein Synthesis. Disrupting cell membrane.