A
A group of populations living together in the same area forms this biological level.
What is a community?
Because of this property, water can absorb a lot of heat without a large change in temperature.
What is high specific heat capacity?
The monomers of proteins are called this.
What are amino acids?
This type of lipid is the main component of cell membranes.
What are phospholipids?
The variable that a scientist manipulates in an experiment is called this.
What is the independent variable?
The subatomic particle with a positive charge.
What is a proton?
Why is it important to include a control group when testing the effect of a new drug?
What is to compare results and ensure changes are due to the drug, not other factor
The sugar found in nucleotides of DNA.
What is deoxyribose?
An atom of sodium (Na) has 11 protons. How many electrons does a neutral sodium atom have?
What is 11 electrons?
The two structures occur depending on the amino acid in a secondary protein structure
Alpha helix and Beta Sheet
Explain why carbon is uniquely suited to form the backbone of biological macromolecules.
What is because carbon has four valence electrons, allowing it to form diverse and stable covalent bonds?
Compare and contrast polar covalent bonds with nonpolar covalent bonds using water and oxygen gas as examples.
What is polar covalent bonds (like in water) have unequal electron sharing due to electronegativity, while nonpolar covalent bonds (like in O₂) share electrons equally?
Describe one structural and one functional difference between DNA and RNA.
What is DNA has deoxyribose and thymine, is double-stranded, and stores genetic info; RNA has ribose and uracil, is single-stranded, and aids in protein synthesis?
Explain why phospholipids spontaneously form bilayers in aqueous solutions.
What is because their hydrophilic heads interact with water while hydrophobic tails cluster inward, minimizing free energy?
Which functional group (–COOH) acts as an acid in biological molecules, and why?
What is the carboxyl group, because it can donate a hydrogen ion (H⁺) to solution?
In a yeast experiment, students measure CO₂ bubbles when yeast is given sugar. Identify the dependent variable.
What is the amount of CO₂ produced?
This type of bond is how one stand of DNA interacts with the other strand to form the double helix
The sulfhydryl group (–SH) helps stabilize protein structure by forming these strong bonds.
What are disulfide bridges?
This group (–PO₄²⁻) is negatively charged and important in energy transfer in ATP.
What is the phosphate group?
These three types of RNA are involved in Protein synthesis
Messenger RNA, Transfer RNA, and Ribosomal RNA
These two factors can cause an enzyme to denature
This functional group (–OH) makes molecules polar and helps them dissolve in water.
What is the hydroxyl group?
A hydroxyl group changes the molecule name to end in this suffix and makes it a?
It ends in -ol and makes it an alcohol
The peptide bond in proteins is formed when the ______ group of one amino acid reacts with the ______ group of another.
What are the carboxyl group and the amino group?
46 chromosomes, 23 pairs