Chapter 14 - DNA
These segments of DNA are named for the scientist who discovered them while researching DNA Replication
What are Okazaki Fragments?
These molecules are required for RNA Polymerase to bind to a Promoter in Eukaryotic cells
What are Transcription Factors and Activators?
The role of this protein is to bind to an Operator region, thus inhibiting Transcription in Bacteria.
These cells are relatively undifferentiated and may be useful in cloning
What are Stem Cells?
Three of these are utilized to verify the health and good condition of cells as they move through the cell cycle
What are Checkpoints?
These regions at the ends of chromosomes may serve as genetic clocks
What are telomeres?
This is added to the 5' end of a Primary mRNA molecule
What is a Cap?
These proteins are used to coil Chromatin in the transition to inactive Chromosomes
What are Histones?
This process is used to produce organs or tissues
What is Therapeutic Cloning?
Cytokinesis in plant cells is accomplished through the formation of this structure
What is the Cell Plate?
This enzyme attaches new DNA nucleotides to the 3' end of a growing DNA strand
What is DNA Polymerase?
These genetic regions of DNA are transcribed but are not translated due to mRNA splicing
What are Introns?
The addition of this functional group to a molecule of DNA reduces Transcription
What are Methyl groups?
Evaluating small genetic changes among all people is the basis for this process used to identify specific individuals
What is DNA Profiling?
This process is a type of programmed cell death
What is Apoptosis?
After DNA replication and proofreading the error rate is approximately 1 in _____ nucleotides
What is 1010?
This type of mutation results from a single nucleotide change that results in a single Amino Acid change in the resulting protein
What is a missense mutation?
This type of RNA is utilized in silencing Transcription and/or Translation in Eukaryotic cells
What are Small RNAs (sRNAs)?
This man was wrongfully convicted of rape and murder and was subsequently exonerated using DNA profiling
Who is Earl Washington?
These cells of the body do not respond to normal control mechanisms
What is Cancer?
Non-continuous DNA replication occurs on this newly forming DNA strand
Occasionally portions of two non-identical chromosomes are swapped resulting in this type of chromosomal mutation
What is a Translocation?
This molecule, found in all eukaryotic cells at all times, is used to "tag" proteins for destruction
What is Ubiquitin?
These food sources are essential in providing nutrition to a growing human population
What are GMOs?
This Tumor Suppressor Gene is implicated in about 50% of all cancer cases
What is p53?