Media Theorists
This media scholar argued that the telegraph created a world filled with “useless and incoherent” information.
Who is Neil Postman?
Modeled by Habermas, this metaphorical space is where public opinion is ideally formed.
What is the public sphere?
This style of documentary filmmaking is known for its “fly-on-the-wall” observational approach.
What is Direct Cinema?
Developed by the U.S. military, this communication system later became the foundation of global connectivity.
What is the internet?
Jenkins, Ito, and boyd argue that participatory cultures are not defined by this value.
What is individualism over communalism?
He famously claimed that “the medium is the message.”
Who is Marshall McLuhan?
This communication model is characterized by dissemination rather than dialogue.
What is the public screen?
This realist documentary mode openly acknowledges the filmmaker’s presence and intervention.
What is Cinema Verité?
This Industrial Revolution invention allowed newspapers to print over 10,000 copies per hour.
What is the steam press?
This concept refers to the ability and willingness to engage with abundant digital information.
What is new media literacy?
These three scholars argue that digital abundance requires a new form of literacy.
Who are Jenkins, Ito, and boyd?
These three challenges—spectacle, private ownership, and the need for images—define which model?
What is the public screen?
This form of early cinema emphasized spectacle and audience interaction over narrative.
What is the Cinema of Attractions?
McLuhan argued that this is where the true significance of a medium lies—not in its content.
What is its effect on the scale of human relations?
Defined by Postman, this ratio describes how much action can be taken based on received information.
What is the information-action ratio?
This economist claims modern tech platforms have created “cloud serfs,” “cloud proles,” and “cloud fiefs.”
Who is Yanis Varoufakis?
This form of activist communication uses dramatic visual acts to gain media attention.
What is an image event?
According to Laura Mulvey, film spectators are positioned to view women as visual objects through this concept.
What is the male gaze?
This term refers to the actions a technology makes possible or restricts.
What are affordances?
According to Varoufakis, these historical practices restricted land access and paved the way for capitalism.
What are the enclosures?
This cultural critic argued that photography produces “aesthetics of suffering” and can generate public apathy.
Who is Susan Sontag?
Type of activist tactic that uses lawsuits primarily to manipulate public opinion, not to win in court.
What is a litigious event?
This editing technique provides the audience with a character’s exact visual perspective.
What is point-of-view (POV) editing?
Introduced in early Hollywood, this banned practice required theaters to buy packages of films as a bundle.
What is block booking?
A quilt-making circle, a fandom, and Wikipedia all exemplify this type of social structure.
What is participatory culture?