Fetal Shunts
This fetal shunt allows blood to pass from the right atrium to the left atrium.
What is the foramen ovale?
This vessel carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus.
What is the umbilical vein?
This embryologic structure grows downward from the roof of the primitive atrium and forms the initial partition between the right and left atria.
What is the septum primum?
This fetal structure becomes the fossa ovalis after birth.
What is the foramen ovale?
The heart begins as this type of structure before looping occurs.
What is a primitive heart tube?
This fetal vessel connects the pulmonary artery to the descending aorta.
What is the ductus arteriosus?
These vessels carry deoxygenated blood from the fetus to the placenta.
What are the umbilical arteries?
This opening allows blood flow between the atria before the septum primum fuses with the endocardial cushions.
What is the ostium primum?
This fetal vessel becomes the ligamentum arteriosum.
What is the ductus arteriosus?
This embryologic process positions the future ventricles and atria.
What is cardiac looping?
This fetal vessel bypasses the liver and connects the umbilical vein to the IVC.
What is the ductus venosus?
Only about 10% of right ventricular output enters these organs during fetal life.
What are the lungs?
As the ostium primum closes, apoptosis within the septum primum creates this opening to maintain right-to-left shunting.
What is the ostium secundum?
This fetal vessel becomes the ligamentum venosum.
What is the ductus venosus?
Failure of fusion of the superior and inferior endocardial cushions may result in this congenital defect.
What is an atrioventricular septal defect (AV canal defect)?
This fetal shunt normally closes functionally when left atrial pressure exceeds right atrial pressure after birth.
What is the foramen ovale?
This shunt allows blood to bypass the fetal liver.
What is the ductus venosus?
This second atrial septum develops to the right of the septum primum and forms the rim of the foramen ovale.
What is the septum secundum?
This closes the foramen ovale after birth?
what is a rise in systemic pressure?
Failure of septation of the truncus arteriosus results in this congenital defect
What is persistent truncus arteriosus?
Failure of this shunt to close results in a patent vessel between the pulmonary artery and aorta.
What is the ductus arteriosus?
This physiologic characteristic keeps pulmonary vascular resistance high in the fetus.
What are fluid-filled, unexpanded lungs?
This is the last portion of the interventricular septum to form during cardiac development.
What is the membranous interventricular septum?
The first breaths decrease this vascular resistance dramatically.
What is pulmonary vascular resistance?
Failure of the truncus arteriosus to spiral when creating septation.
What is TGA?