IMFs
These forces are present in all molecules, but are the only IMF found in non polar molecules like CH4.
What are London Dispersion Forces?
If doubling the concentration of a reactant quadruples the rate, the reaction is this order with respect to the reactant.
What is second (order)?
These two states of matter are always excluded from the equilibrium constant expressions (Kc or Kp).
What are solids (s) and liquids (l)?
This is the pH of a 0.01 M solution of HBr (significant figures matter).
What is 2.00?
This is the sign of ΔS for the process of condensation (the transition of a gas into a liquid).
What is negative?
Real gases deviate most from ideal behavior under these two conditions.
What are high pressure and low temperature?
What is Ksp = [Ag+][Cl-]?
If Q > K, the reaction will shift in this direction to achieve equilibrium.
What is left/toward reactants?
A solution containing a weak acid and its conjugate base is known as this. These types of solution also tend to resist changes in pH.
What is a buffer solution?
Reactions at equilibrium (reverse and forward rates are the same) have this value for ΔG.
What is 0?
This type of solid has a high melting point and conducts electricity only when molten or dissolved in water.
What is an ionic solid?
DAILY DOUBLE
This is what is lowered by adding a catalyst to increase the reaction rate. It is also what prevents spontaneous reactions from proceeding.
For the exothermic production Haber Process, N2 + 3 H2 --> 2 NH3, the equilibrium partial pressure of ammonia does this when the temperature is raised.
What increases?
Of HCN (Ka = 6.2e-10) and HCl (Ka = 1.3e+6), this acid has the strongest conjugate base.
What is HCN?
A reaction is always thermodynamically favored if ΔH is __ and ΔS is __.
What is negative and positive?
Of NH3 and PH3, this one has a higher boiling point due to the presence of hydrogen bonding.
What is NH3?
A linear plot of ln[A] vs time indicates that the reaction follows this order of kinetics.
What is first (order)?
For the reaction A(g) --> 2B(g), the equilibrium partial pressure of B(g) does this when the volume of the reaction vessel is decreased.
What decreases?
At the equivalence point of a titration, the pH is equal to this.
What is the value of pKa?
Galvanic cells always have a (+/-) Ecell value and electrolytic cells always have a (+/-) Ecell value.
What is (+) and (-), respectively?
This is the formal charge of the C atom in formic acid.
If K is this relative to 1, then the reaction it describes is product-heavy.
What is greater (than 1)?
When a small sample of Ne(g) is injected into an equilibrium vessel obeying 2 SO2 + O2 --> 2 SO3, the equilibrium partial pressure of SO2 does this.
What stays the same?
DAILY DOUBLE
There are two ways to make an acidic buffer solution. One way is to combine an acid with its conjugate base. Another way is to combine an acidic species with half the volume of this type of solution.
In electrochemical cells, this type of electrode half reaction always occurs at the anode.
What is oxidation?