Obesity
How is obesity typically classified?
BMI ≥ 30 kg/m² (with limitations).
What is muscular power?
Force × velocity (ability to produce force quickly).
What is circuit training?
Performing exercises in sequence with minimal rest.
What creates weight loss physiologically?
Sustained caloric deficit.
A client reports no soreness and no progress after 3 weeks. What is the most likely issue?
Insufficient training stimulus (intensity or volume too low).
Why is BMI not always an accurate indicator of health risk?
It does not account for muscle mass or fat distribution.
Which test would you choose to assess lower-body power in athletes?
Vertical jump test.
When is supersets training most appropriate?
Time-efficient workouts or hypertrophy-focused training.
What is a realistic weekly weight loss rate?
~0.5–1 lb per week.
A program increases weight every session regardless of performance. What is the flaw?
Lack of autoregulation—progression should depend on readiness and performance.
Why is central (visceral) fat more concerning than subcutaneous fat?
It is more strongly linked to metabolic and cardiovascular disease risk.
Compare vertical jump vs Wingate test.
Vertical jump = field-based, explosive power; Wingate = anaerobic cycling power in lab.
A client is short on time but wants both strength and cardiovascular benefits. Which alternative resistance strategy would you choose and how would you structure it?
Circuit training; include multi-joint exercises, moderate loads, minimal rest, and full-body sequencing to target both strength and aerobic demand.
Client hits a plateau after 6 weeks. What is your FIRST adjustment?
Reassess caloric intake and adherence.
A client plateaus despite consistent training and diet. Name two possible causes.
Adaptation to program, inadequate progression, poor recovery, or inaccurate calorie tracking.
Two clients have the same BMI, but one has high visceral fat and the other has mostly subcutaneous fat. How do their health risks differ and why?
The client with higher visceral fat has greater risk for metabolic and cardiovascular disease due to its association with insulin resistance and inflammation.
A client has high strength but low power. What does this indicate?
They lack speed of force production.
How would you integrate supersets into a hypertrophy program?
Pair opposing or same muscle groups to increase volume and intensity.
Why must behavior strategies be included in weight management programs?
They improve adherence and long-term success.
Which variable would you adjust FIRST if a client is overly fatigued: intensity, volume, or frequency—and why?
Volume (or frequency) is often reduced first to manage fatigue while maintaining some intensity.
Client with obesity has failed multiple diets. What is your primary intervention focus?
Long-term behavior change, sustainable habits, and adherence—not rapid weight loss.
Based on low power test results, how should training change?
Incorporate explosive movements (plyometrics, Olympic lifts, speed training).
How would you modify circuit training for a beginner with low fitness?
Lower intensity, longer rest, simpler exercises, focus on technique.
Design a high-level program for a client with obesity who wants fat loss and improved fitness. What are the key components?
A client’s goal is fat loss, but their program is high volume, low intensity lifting with excessive cardio and declining performance. Redesign the key elements.