The term ____ refers to the scientific study of the origins, symptoms, and development of mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders and to the disorders, themselves.
Psychopathology
100
A ____ is defined by a significant impairment in psychological functioning.
Mental disorder
100
What disorders are deeply ingrained, unhealthy behavior patterns that usually appear in adolescence and continue through much of adult life and include paranoid, narcissistic, dependent, and other types?
Personality disorders
100
A psychological technique used to facilitate positive changes in a person's personality, behavior, or adjustment defines, what?
Psychotherapy
100
What therapy involves techniques designed to enhance personal strengths, rather than "fix" weaknesses?
Positive therapy.
200
Though showing no obvious signs of psychopathology, one who is anxious and unhappy might be classified abnormal by this criterion.
Subjective Discomfort
200
Schizophrenia and delusional disorders are this type of psychological disorder.
Psychotic disorder
200
Psychological dependence on mood- or behavior-altering drugs is known as, what?
Substance-related disorders.
200
Psychoanalysis and the humanistic therapies are considered to be ____ therapies, since both seek to lead clients to a deeper understanding of their thoughts, emotions, and behaviors.
Insight therapies
200
What are symbolic rewards, such as plastic chips, that can be exchanged for real rewards and are used to encourage positive changes in behavior?
Tokens
300
Statistical approaches to abnormality define as "abnormal" those who, what?
Deviate from typical or average patterns of behavior.
300
Obsessive-compulsive disoorder is what type of mental disorder?
Anxiety disorder
300
Problems now called anxiety, dissociative, and somatoform disorders were once known as, what?
Neuroses
300
Since cognitive and behavioral therapies directly change troublesome thoughts and actions, these therapies would be considered ____ therapies.
Action therapies.
300
What is the study of the meaning of words and language?
Semantics
400
A core feature of all abnormal behavior is that it is, what?
Maladaptive
400
Behavioral problems in which the person exhibits symptoms suggesting physical disease or injury, but for which there is no identifiable cause, are called, what?
Somatoform disorders.
400
Mental disorders are the leading cause of disability for Americans and Canadians in what age group?
15 to 44
400
A therapist guides a client by giving instructions, interpretations, or solutions, and by making decisions. The therapist's approach can be described as ____ therapy.
Directive therapy
400
What is the personal meaning of a word or concept?
Connotative meaning
500
DSM (DSM-IV-TR) stands for what?
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.
500
Amnesia, fugue, and multiple personalities are all classified as what type of disorders?
Dissociative disorders
500
Symptoms of acute anxiety disorder last for ________, while symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) last for _______.
Symptoms of acute anxiety disorder last for less than 1 month; symptoms of PTSD last for more than 1 month.
500
In ____ therapy, the clients assume responsibility for solving their own problems, while the therapist assists, but does not guide or give advice.
Non-directive therapy.
500
What are daily annoyances that are closely linked to immediate health and psychological well-being?