World War One
Nationalist tensions in this region, known as the "powder keg of Europe," contributed to the outbreak of war.
What are the Balkans?
This country did not join the League of Nations, despite President Wilson’s advocacy.
What is the United States?
This region, captured by Japan in 1931, distracted the GMD and weakened their position.
What is Manchuria?
Mao launched this 1958–62 campaign to rapidly industrialize and collectivize China.
What is the Great Leap Forward?
These volunteer units fought for the Republic despite official non-intervention.
What are the International Brigades?
Germany's offer of unconditional support to Austria-Hungary during the July Crisis is known as this.
What is the blank cheque?
This treaty with Bulgaria resulted in significant territorial losses, especially to Greece and Yugoslavia.
What is the Treaty of Neuilly?
This 1927 event marked the start of open conflict between the Communists and Nationalists.
What is the Shanghai Massacre (or White Terror)?
During the Cultural Revolution, Mao used these radical student groups to attack “revisionists.”
Who are the Red Guards?
This 1934 uprising by miners in northern Spain was brutally suppressed, increasing tensions between left and right.
What is the Asturias Revolt?
This nationalist group was responsible for the assassination in Sarajevo.
What is the Black Hand?
This treaty dissolved the Ottoman Empire and led to harsh terms, later revised at Lausanne.
What is the Treaty of Sèvres?
The GMD retreated to this island after their defeat.
What is Taiwan?
This term describes the veneration of Mao as an infallible leader.
What is the cult of personality?
Revisionist historians argue that the Republic lost not just due to foreign aid to Franco but because of this internal factor.
What is internal disunity (or political fragmentation within the Republic)?
This German military tactic aimed to defeat France quickly before turning to fight Russia.
What is the Schlieffen Plan?
This port city was made a "free city" under League of Nations control, despite Polish claims.
What is Dansk/Danzig?
The failure of this campaign against Chinese warlords in the 1920s worsened tensions between the CCP and GMD.
What is the Northern Expedition?
This policy forcibly relocated millions of urban youth to rural areas during the Cultural Revolution.
What is the "Up to the Mountains and Down to the Countryside" movement?
This 1937 atrocity, involving the German and Italian air forces, became an international symbol of civilian suffering.
What is the bombing of Guernica?
This historian places the blame of WW1 solely on Germany, arguing in the 1960s that it had a long-term plan for war, citing the "September Program."
Who is Fritz Fischer?
This term describes the feelings of resentment and humiliation many Germans felt about Versailles.
What is Diktat?
This key 1948–49 campaign turned the tide of the war in favor of the CCP and led to their advance south.
What is the Huaihai Campaign?
Prior to the Long March, Mao’s power base was originally in this rural region of China.
What is Jiangxi?
This famous writer supported the Republic and wrote Homage to Catalonia based on his experiences.
Who is George Orwell?