Personal Relationships
What theory is Tajfel most often associated with?
Social Identity Theory
What is one factor that affects bystanderism?
Diffusion of responsibility; ambiguous situation; group inhibition; cost-benefit
How is stereotype related to schema theory?
A stereotype is a type of schema (cognitive shortcut) that saves time and helps explain the world
How can "equity theory" explain why some relationships end?
A perceived imbalance in the relationship can create negative interaction patterns.
How is kin selection theory related to altruism?
The degree of altruism depends on number of shared genes.
Does cooperation increase or decrease with increasing group size?
Decreases (more anonymity increases free riding)
What does Knapp's relationship model describe in detailed stages?
How relationships form (and end)
How is Whiting & Whiting (1975) related to prosocial behavior and culture?
Children in collectivist societies tend to behave more prosocially.
What is the actual name of the "Robbers Cave" study?
Sherif et al (1954/1961)
What are two of Gottman's Four Horses of the Apocalypse?
Contempt, criticism, defensiveness, stonewalling
What is "negative state relief"?
Prosocial behavior is motivated by decreasing one's own discomfort
What is the difference between and "etic" study and and "emic" study?
Etic: study a culture from outside of it Emic: study a culture from within it
What are two possible causes/explanations for others' behaviors in Attribution Theory?
Situational and dispositional
How is social exchange theory related to altruism?
First measure the costs/benefits before helping others
Which research method is better at establishing causality: intervention studies or observational studies?
Intervention studies (manipulates variables to determine effects)
List the eight countries that Zambia borders (in alphabetical order).
Angola, Botswana, DR Congo, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Tanzania, Zimbabwe