Cancer
When cells have unregulated growth
What is cancer?
When someone's white blood cell count drops below 200 count in their body or they have developed more than one opportunistic infection.
What is AIDS?
A red scab is formed after a cut to the skin because of this effective biological response.
What is blood clotting
A white blood cell that engulfs pathogens and destroys them with lysosomes.
What is a phagocyte?
Or
What is a macrophage?
This is the most simple type of cell that exists and it lacks a nucleus and other organelles with the exception of ribosomes.
What is a prokaryote?
When mitosis does not stop and cells continue to grow on top of one another and form a mass of cells
What is a tumor?
The RNA injects itself into a host cell and then is copied by reverse transcriptase into DNA which inserts itself into the host genome and remains their permanently and is passed along with each cell division.
What is a retrovirus?
Red blood cells rush to the area of a cut due to this mechanism.
A chemical is released which stimulates red blood cells to move to the opened area.
The first defense line against pathogens.
What is the skin?
This is the formation of a new species.
What is speciation?
A tumor suppressor gene found on chromosome 17
What is p53?
The receptor on a helper T cell membrane that HIV is able to attach to and unload its viral DNA.
What is a CD4 receptor?
The chemical/protein that stops blood flow and surround blood cells after a cut occurs.
What is fibrin?
This type of white blood cells stimulates production of antibodies.
What are B cells?
A body structure that is not used in an organism (i.e snake leg bones or the human appendix) but remains present. This provides anatomical evidence for evolution.
What is a vestigial structure?
When p53 detects an error in the cell cycle or a mutation in DNA it causes this cellular event to occur which is known as programmed cell death
What is apoptosis?
This type of skin cancer is rare in healthy individuals however it is commonly seen in AIDS patients and it forms large masses in purple color.
What is Kaposi's sarcoma?
Some people suffer from this disease where they do not have the ability to form blood clots, hence if they get a cut they will not stop bleeding.
What is hemophilia?
This pathogen is a protist found in pond water that can eat brain tissue and enters through your nasal passage. It will cause death within 18 of days of contact with the host
What is the brain eating amoeba?
Or
What is Naegleria?
The structure is related to the function of this vessel because it is only one cell thick and allows for diffusion of molecules such as food, important gases, and waste products to enter and leave the circulatory system.
What are capillaries?
When p53 is mutated, it does not bind DNA correctly. As a consequence this protein is not produced which normally signals the cell cycle to stop if there is a biological defect in the cell.
What is p21?
This outlines why HIV has the ability to damage the immune system. (Term to begin with is Helper T Cell).
HIV attaches to CD4 receptors on Helper T cells
It injects its viral RNA into the host cell and reverse transcriptase converts it to DNA which is then inseted into the host's genome. The HIV DNA is passed on during each cell division and eventually attacks the helper T cells (if medication is not taken)
The Helper T cells direct the secondary immune response system - if a pathogen is detected in the body they stimulate production of of B cells which produce antibodies specific to the pathogen, they also stimulate production of macrophages which eat pathogens, and stimulate production of killer T cells which use their cellular machinery to destroy pathogens.
Hence, if a helper t cells are compromised the rest of the immune system cannot function.
The process in which blood changes from a liquid to gel.
What is coagulation?
This occurs when the immune system is exposed to the same antigen for the second, third, fourth, time etc.
What is secondary immune response?
A technique used to study the rate at which a gene mutates over time enables scientists to determine how old an organism is and when speciation last occurred within that organism.
What is a molecular clock?