Show:
Cell Respiration
and
Photosynthesis
Macromolecules
DNA Replication
Plants
and
Water
Transcription
and
Translation
100
Write out the chemical equation for aerobic cell respiration.
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 - - - - 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + 38 ATP
100

Draw an amino acid.


100
List the four nucleotides and state the base-pairing rule.
Adenine - Thymine Cytosine - Guanine
100

List the two transport tissues in plants

Xylem and Phloem

100
Compare the structure of RNA and DNA.
DNA - 5 carbon sugar (deoxyribose); has 4 nitrogenous bases (C, G, T, A); double stranded molecule RNA - 5 carbon sugar (ribose); has 4 nitrogenous bases (C, G, U, A); single stranded molecule
200
List three ways the rate of photosynthesis can be measured.
Increase in carbon dioxide, decrease in oxygen, and increase in biomass.
200
Compare and contrast condensation and hydrolysis reactions.
Condensation (dehydration) - build polymer, loss of water Hydrolysis - break a polymer into monomers, gain of water
200
Explain the significance of complementary base pairing.
The conservation of base sequence of DNA. DNA must be replicated identically.
200

Differentiate between cohesion and adhesion in a plant

Cohesion- H bonds between water bonds in one long chain

Adhesion - H bonds between the water molecule and the structural tissue of the plant (xylem)

200
Where does transcription and translation take place?
transcription - nucleus translation - cytoplasm
300
List the products of alcoholic fermentation.
carbon dioxide and ethanol
300

Name a difference in structure between amylose and amylopectin.

-amylose is unbranched, while amylopectin is branched. 

-amylose consists of linear chains of glucose molecules linked by α-1,4 glycosidic bonds. Amylopectin, also uses α-1,4 glycosidic bonds for the main chain, but also includes α-1,6 glycosidic bonds at branch points, which are responsible for the branching structure

300
Which strand of DNA are Okazaki fragments found on?
The Lagging strand
300

Outline the reaons why earth has was on it to retain liquid water (HL) to support life on earth

Earth is large enough for gravity to be strong ; warm enough for ice to melt (Goldilocks zone- distance from the sun is perfect for the right temp for water to exist)

300
Explain the role of tRNA.
tRNA has anticodons that bind to the codons. tRNA also carries a specific amino acid.
400
Outline the differences in absorption of red, blue, and green light by chlorophyll.
Chlorophyll is a green pigment therefore reflects green light. This means that chlorophyll absorbs other wavelengths of the visible light spectrum like the red and blue wavelengths of energy.
400
Explain the effect of temperature on enzyme activity.
Enzymes work at optimal temperature. Generally, as temperature increases, enzyme activity increases. However, when the temperature becomes to extreme for the enzyme, the enzyme will denature and the activity will halt.
400
List the four enzymes involved in DNA replication and their role.
Helicase - unwinds the DNA DNA polymerase - adds complementary bases to template strand RNA primase - adds RNA primer to template strand so DNA polymerase knows where to begin DNA primase - replaces RNA primer with DNA
400

Describe the processes for water to leave a plant

Cohesion - the ability of water molecules to "stick" together. This is seen in trees to bring water up from the roots into the tree. 

Transpiration pull- loss of water vapour from the leaves through the stomata creates tension to pull the cohesive column of water up the plant

400
Explain the E site of a ribosome.
E site is the site from which the tRNA that has lost its amino acid is discharged.
500
Outline the effects of temperature, light intensity, and carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.
Temperature - as temperature increases the rate of photosynthesis increases due to the increase in molecular collisions. At a certain point though, the enzymes will become denatured at too high of a temperature. Light intensity - as the light intensity increases, the rate of photosynthesis increases, but the rate will plateau as enzymes are already working at their maximum rate Carbon dioxide - as CO2 increases so does the rate of photosynthesis but then plateaus unless light or temperature is also increased
500

Differentiate between the four levels of protein structure (HL)

primary structure is defined as the amino acid sequence of its polypeptide chain; 

secondary structure is the local spatial arrangement of a polypeptide's backbone in an alpha helix or beta pleated sheet; 

tertiary structure refers to the three-dimensional structure of an entire polypeptide chain (forms due to H bonds, ionic bonds, disulphide bonds and hydrophobic interactions); 

quaternary structure is the three-dimensional arrangement of the subunits in a multisubunit protein

500

List a difference between DNA polymerase III and DNA polymerase I. (HL)

DNA polymerase III - synthesizes new strand by adding nucleotides onto the template strand DNA polymerase I - removes the primer and replaces it with DNA

500

Explain how phloem is adapted for translocation

thin, non lignified cell wall; one sieve tube with space (and no organelles) for sap to flow; a sieve plate has pores for the sap to move in either direction, companion cells border the phloem cell with nucleus, mitochondria to prove energy to move the sap from source to sink.

500
Translation involves several phases: initiation, elongation, translocation, and termination. Explain each of these.
Initiation: a start codon on mRNA for the tRNA to read and bind to with the anticodon to start the process of translation. Elongation: involves tRNA bringing amino acids to mRNA. Translocation: Movement if tRNA from A site, to P site, to E site. The amino acid is added to the growing polypeptide chain by peptide bond. Termination: One of the three stop codons appears signaling the tRNA to stop the process and leave.