Macromolecules
What type of macromolecules ends in -ose?
Carbohydrates!!
Example: glucose, sucrose, fructose
WHY is the mitochondria "the powerhouse of the cell"?
It makes energy (ATP)!
What are the concentration gradients for:
1-passive transport
2-active transport
active->low to high
What is the purpose of photosynthesis?
For plants to make glucose!
What is the purpose of cellular respiration?
To make ATP (energy)!
What is the relationship between lipids and the cell membrane?
Cell membrane is made up of phospholipids
Which organelle (present in all cells) makes proteins?
Ribosomes
What type of feedback loop is it when a response is COUNTERACTED (opposite effect)?
Negative feedback loop
Where in the plant does photosynthesis happen?
What kind of organisms carry out cellular respiration?
ALL OF EM
Carbohydrates and lipids both provide energy, but what is the difference in function between the two?
Carbohydrates provide short term energy and lipids provide long-term energy and insulation
What is the "mailman" of the cell?
Golgi apparatus
What are the 3 types of passive transport?
1-simple diffusion
2-facilitated diffusion
3-osmosis
What are the reactants needed for photosynthesis?
Carbon Dioxide
Water
ATP (sunlight)
Where in the ANIMAL cell does cellular respiration happen?
Mitochondria
How do enzymes speed up chemical reactions?
Enzymes LOWER the activation energy!
What organelles are present in plant cells but NOT in animal cells?
BONUS 50PTS: What is the difference in vacuole structure between the two cells?
1-cell wall
2-chloroplasts
BONUS: plant cells have ONE large vacuole, animal cells have multiple small ones
EQUILIBRIUM <3
What would happen if a plant is exposed to MORE sunlight?
MORE glucose and oxygen
In which organisms does anaerobic respiration happen in?
Alcoholic fermentation-some bacteria and yeast
Lactic acid fermentation-animal cells and some bacteria
List the monomers for all 4 macromolecules
1. nucleic acids->nucleotides
2. carbohydrates->monosaccharides
3. proteins->amino acids
4. lipids->triglycerides
What are the structures that are present in ALL cells?
AND
What is the difference between DNA in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
1-cell membrane
2-cytoplasm
3-ribosomes
4-DNA
What happens when a cell is left in a LOW solute environment for too long?
In which part of the plant does photosynthesis happen?
Little holes in the leaves called "stomata"
What is the difference between the reactants for anaerobic cellular respiration and aerobic cellular respiration?
Aerobic respiration requires oxygen
Anaerobic respiration is not