John Adams
This 1797 diplomatic scandal involved French agents demanding bribes from American diplomats, leading to anti-French sentiment in the U.S.
What is the XYZ Affair?
Marbury v. Madison strengthened this branch of government by allowing it to declare laws unconstitutional.
What is the Judiciary Branch?
The Nullification Crisis was sparked by opposition to these taxes on imported goods, which Southern states believed unfairly favored Northern industries.
What are tariffs?
This U.S. general led military expeditions into Spanish Florida to combat Native American uprisings and secure the region for American expansion.
Who is Andrew Jackson?
This term refers to the practice of conducting negotiations between nations to maintain peaceful relations.
What is diplomacy?
Passed by John Adams’ administration, these controversial laws made it harder for immigrants to become citizens and punished people for criticizing the Federalist government.
What is the Alien and Sedition Acts?
This constitutional amendment, ratified after the Election of 1800, changed the way presidents and vice presidents were elected.
What is the 12th Amendment?
The forced relocation of the Cherokee Nation, resulting in thousands of deaths, is known as this tragic event.
What is the Trail of Tears?
Some African Americans resisted westward expansion by escaping to free territories or seeking refuge with these indigenous groups in Florida.
What are the Seminoles?
This 19th-century belief held that the U.S. was destined to expand across the continent, often justifying westward expansion.
What is Manifest Destiny?
John Adams followed this foreign policy approach by keeping the U.S. out of European wars and avoiding permanent alliances.
What is Isolationism?
The Embargo of 1807 hurt American merchants and traders the most, but it was intended to punish these 2 countries.
What is Britain and France?
In response to the Nullification Crisis, Andrew Jackson threatened to use military force to enforce federal law, passing this bill in 1833.
What is the Force Bill?
As part of the Adams-Onís Treaty, the United States agreed to renounce claims to this western region, which later became part of Texas.
Spanish Texas
Andrew Jackson introduced this system, which rewarded political supporters with government jobs, leading to accusations of corruption.
What is the Spoils System?
This political party, led by John Adams and Alexander Hamilton, supported a strong federal government and had a pro-British stance in foreign affairs.
What is the Federalist Party?
The Barbary Wars were fought against pirates from North Africa, who were demanding these payments from American ships.
What are tributes or ransom?
The Bank War deepened sectional tensions by pitting these two economic regions against each other—one favoring industry, the other favoring agriculture.
What are the north and south?
The U.S. fought three wars against the Seminole, largely due to their refusal to return escaped enslaved people and resistance to relocation. These conflicts were known as this.
What are the Seminole Wars?
This term refers to the belief that states could reject federal laws they deemed unconstitutional, an idea that fueled the Nullification Crisis.
What is nullification?
The quasi-war naval conflict occurred during Adams’ presidency and was fueled by tensions over trade and alliances with what country.
What is France?
In 1803, Jefferson bought a vast territory from France, doubling the size of the U.S., in what became known as this.
What is The Louisiana Purchase?
The Indian Removal Act benefited this region the most by opening up Native American lands for white settlement and cotton plantations.
What is the south?
Florida’s statehood was delayed because Congress wanted to maintain a balance between free and slave states. It was only admitted once this free state also joined the Union.
What is Iowa?
Issued in 1823, this U.S. policy warned European nations to stay out of the Western Hemisphere and not interfere with newly independent Latin American countries.
What is the Monroe Doctrine?