Scientific Method
Evolution
Natural Selection
Race
100
What are the 4 steps of the scientific method?
Making observations, proposing ideas, testing the ideas, and modifying ideas based on results
100
What level of evolution happens across generations?
Microevolution
100
This is the term for the ability of successful survival and high reproduction.
Fitness
100
This term means all alleles of all the genes
Gene Pool
200
A hypothesis must be ___ and ___ to be valid.
Testable and falsifiable.
200
This is a group of individuals of the same species in a particular area.
Population
200
This is the most important cause of evolution. It is the process by which physical and behavioral traits of organisms increase survival.
Natural Selection
200
This term means the spread of an allele throughout a species’ gene pool. It cannot occur between different species.
Gene Flow
300
This type of reasoning is the process of combining specific observations to a general principle.
Inductive reasoning
300
This type of evolutionary change is based on environmental changes, not genetic changes.
Non-Evolutionary Change
300
What is one the four observations Darwin made that led him to the idea of natural selection?
Could be: Individuals within populations vary, Some of the variation among individuals can be passed to offspring, Populations of organisms produce more offspring than will survive, Survival and reproduction are not random.
300
What is an allele?
Different versions of a gene that occur in a population
400
A theory that holds true is called a ____.
Law
400
What is the theory of common descent?
All life shares a common ancestor
400
Selection created by human choice is called _____. (Ex: Puppy Breeders)
Artificial Selection
400
What is one of the three steps for creating a species?
Could be: Isolation of gene pools of populations of the species, Evolutionary changes in gene pools of populations, Evolution of reproductive isolation between populations
500
A scientist is looking at the effect of fertilizer on plant growth. The scientist has two plants: one that is given water and sunlight, and one that is given water, sunlight, and fertilizer. What is the independent variable and the dependent variable?
The fertilizer is the independent variable and growth of plants is the dependent variable
500
This type of common descent evidence includes nonfunctional or greatly reduced traits.
Vestigal Traits
500
The union between genetics and evolution is called _________.
Modern Synthesis
500
What is biogeography?
The distribution of species on Earth
600
About how many people use the internet in China? About what percentage of the population in China uses the internet?
If you look at the color dot on china compared to the sliding scale at the bottom, it is about 300M.
The percentage is at least less than 50%, as the dot is red. So, we can conclude that there are way more than 300M people in China.
600
This scientist created the theory of "Inheritance of acquired traits".
Lamarck.
600
This pattern of selection moves in one direction.
Directional Selection
600
Which continent has the most genetic diversity among humans?
Africa, as they are the population that has been around the longest.
700
Why does correlation not equal causation?
Just because you can see a connection or a mutual relationship between two variables, it doesn't necessarily mean that one causes the other.
700
This concept organizes biological diversity and implies evolutionary relationships among organisms.
Linnaean Classification
700
A misconception about natural selection is that it can result in perfection. Why is this not true?
Nothing is perfect. There are tradeoffs between traits. Perfection would create an imbalance in an environment.
700
Are human races biologically different from each other?
No, human races are not different from each other as they have not been around long enough
800
A teacher gives a student a paper to read on the dangers of smoking and to reflect on it. In their paper, the student writes that they believe smoking is not dangerous, as their grandparents are avid smokers and have lived long healthy lives. What type of evidence is the student giving?
Anecdotal Evidence
800
What are the two key aspects to the Evolution theory?
1. Modern animals, plants, etc. living things are related.
2. Living things, through a process, have been diverging from a common ancestor since life originated.
800
What makes any individual organism evolutionarily successful?
If it can successfully reproduce and continue the generational line.
800
In the Appalachian mountains there is a high population of bats and a high population of red tailed hawks. They look similar, but are not the same species. What is this concept called?
Convergent Evolution