Fluid and Electrolytes
Anemias
Acid-Base Balance
Pharmacology
Mystery Bag
100

A fluid that moves water into cells

What is a hypotonic fluid? +100: name two examples of a hypotonic fluid

100

How the body compensates for decreased oxygen delivery

What are tachycardia and tachypnea?

100

Driver of metabolic acid-base buffering system (and normal range)

What is bicarbonate/HCO3-? (22-26)

100

Used to prevent neural tube defects in pregnancy

What is folic acid?

100

Most severe manifestations of sodium imbalance

What are seizures/coma/death?

200

Increases reabsorption of sodium from urine, thereby increasing water retention

What is aldosterone?

200

Related to inability to absorb B12, presents with neurological symptoms as well as typical anemia s/s

What is pernicious anemia? +100: name the protein responsible for B12 absorption

200

Driver of respiratory acid-base buffer system (and normal range)

What is CO2? (45-35)

200

Antidote for iron toxicity

What is deferoxamine?

200

Abnormally distended, fluid-filled abdomen often associated with cirrhosis

What is ascites?

300

Two signs you will see in a patient with dysrhythmias, bronchospasm, and weakened bones

What are Trousseau and Chvostek signs?

300

List 3 s/s specific to iron-deficiency anemia

Hair loss, cheilitis, glossitis, koilonychias, and pica +100: what are the MCV and MCH/MCHC results for this type?

300

pH: 7.28, CO2: 32, HCO3-: 16

What is uncompensated metabolic acidosis?

300

Parenteral drug that is contraindicated in allergy to cobalt

What is cyanocobalamin? +100: why is it given parenterally?

300

The two types of megaloblastic anemias and how to distinguish between them

What are pernicious and folate deficiency anemias? Schilling test/B12 trial and serum folate levels

400

S/s: peaked T waves, diarrhea, paresthesias, muscle weakness

What is hyperkalemia? +100: what are s/s of hypokalemia?

400

Two related disorders seen along with classic anemia s/s in aplastic anemia

Neutropenia (increased infection) and thrombocytopenia (decreased clotting)

400

pH: 7.55, CO2: 60, HCO3-: 32

What is partially compensated metabolic alkalosis? +100: what could cause this condition?

400

Side effects of epoietin alfa

N/v, headache, HTN, stroke, DVT, MI, sped up tumor progression
400

Effect of renal failure on hemodynamics

What is decreased erythropoietin? (Hormone that stimulates RBC production in bone marrow)

500

Explain the role of hydrostatic and osmotic pressures at the capillary bed in contributing to edema

Increased hydrostatic pressure -> increased fluid movement OUT of the capillary

Decreased osmotic pressure -> less attraction of water to solutes WITHIN the capillary

500

Explain involvement of spleen and liver in hemolytic anemia

Spleen filters out and destroys sick or damaged RBCs. Byproduct of RBC destruction is bilirubin, which is excreted through the liver. Splenomegaly: enlargement of spleen due to increased RBC destruction. Jaundice: excessive amounts of bilirubin.

500

pH: 7.37, CO2: 58, HCO3-: 33

What is fully compensated respiratory acidosis? +100: what could cause this condition?

500

List 3 nursing implications for warfarin administration

Vitamin K decreases effects, monitor with PT and INR, increases risk of bleeding

500

Explain the relationship between Hgb and oxygen saturation in an anemic patient

Hgb represents the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood, and an anemic patient has a decrease in RBCs. SaO2% in this patient will be misleading because even though the Hbg may be fully saturated, the overall decrease in RBCs leads to insufficient O2 delivery for the body's O2 demands.