Genre (Instrumental)
What is the difference between Concerto and Concerto grosso?
Soloist with orchestra vs small group of soloists with orchestra
This genre means "song" in Italian and features emotional expression.
Aria
This composer wrote more than 500 concertos, many of which were composed for orphaned/illegitimate girls.
Vivaldi
What is Ritornello form usually associated with?
Concertos
What language would each composer typically compose in, and/or their nationality: Bach, Handel, Vivaldi
Bach - German
Handel - German, composed in English
Vivaldi - Italian
This instrumental genre provides a sampling of pieces in an opera (or sets the mood in the case of Baroque and Classical)
Overture
What is the difference between a cantata and an oratorio? What makes them similar?
Oratorio: English
Cantata: German
Both sacred, vocal genres
Religious status of Bach and Vivaldi:
Bach - Lutheran
Vivaldi - Roman Catholic
Which genre is Ternary form usually associated with?
Arias (de capo aria)
Name and define two types of recitative:
Dry ("socco") Recitative: traditional type. Not a full orchestra accompaniment, only basso continuo
Accompanied Recitative: orchestra accompaniment
This instrumental genre with a soloist and orchestra in contrast to one another
Concerto
This element of opera is narrow in range, has a lot of stepwise motion, and acts as spoken dialogue to move the plot along.
Recitative
This composer is nicknamed "The Red Priest."
Vivaldi
What is Tiernary Form?
ABA form
What is Equally Tempered Tuning?
New development during Baroque period in which the octave is divided into 12 equal half steps
A complex solo instrumental piece based on polyphony, with each subject voice entering at different times (subject and answer).
Fugue
Which genre in comic opera is made up of only 2 or 3 acts and usually only includes two singing roles?
Intermezzo
This composer's most famous opera is Guilio Cesare. He also composed Messiah.
Handel
Can a choral work be fugal or is that only for the keyboard solos?
A choral work CAN be fugal. A fugue is a form.
Name all three textures (hint: ____phonic) and briefly explain each one
monophonic, polyphonic, and homophonic
Name all of the instrumental genres discussed in class (4 overarching) and a composer that would be most likely affiliated with each genre.
Concerto grosso/Concerto (Vivaldi), Prelude/Fugue (J.S. Bach), Overture (Handel), and Chorale Prelude (J.S. Bach)
What is the role of the chorus in opera?
Uninvolved commentary on what's happening
Name all 3 cities that J.S. Bach predominately worked during his career.
Weimar, Cothen, and Leipzig
Explain the basics of Ritornello form.
Ritornello (tutti), episode solo, ritornello tutti, episode, etc.
What was the group of artist and intellectuals that help spark the beginnings of opera in Italy?
Florentine Camerata