Causes and Concepts of Colonisation
This belief claimed it was the duty of Europeans to "civilise" colonised peoples.
➤ What is the civilising mission?
This major river flows through Laos and Cambodia and served as a vital trade and transport route.
➤ What is the Mekong River?
These two women led early Vietnamese resistance against Chinese rule.
➤ Who are the Trung Sisters?
This French governor restructured Indochina’s economy and benefited from the opium trade.
➤ Who is Paul Doumer?
Infrastructure such as this railway helped connect Hanoi to Saigon for French exports.
➤ What is the north–south railway?
This economic and technological process drove 19th-century European imperial expansion.
➤ What is industrialisation?
These fertile deltas made Vietnam ideal for agriculture and colonial exploitation.
➤ What are the Red River Delta and Mekong Delta?
This Vietnamese leader blended Marxist thought with nationalist goals in the 20th century.
➤ Who is Ho Chi Minh?
French colonial education was limited, with only this percentage of Vietnamese boys attending elite schools.
➤ What is 20%?
French policies suppressed freedom of speech and political action, fuelling this.
➤ What is nationalism or resistance?
France and other powers justified colonisation by claiming they were spreading this “burden.”
➤ What is the White Man’s Burden?
The mountainous terrain of Laos helped anti-colonial fighters by offering this.
➤ What is refuge or cover?
Vietnam gained independence from China following this naval battle in 938 CE.
➤ What is the Battle of Bach Dang?
Vietnamese workers on these plantations faced disease, low wages, and exploitation.
➤ What are rubber plantations?
French culture was imposed through this policy, aiming to erase local identities.
➤ What is assimilation?
This term describes the political domination and exploitation of one nation by another.
➤ What is imperialism?
This term described the colonial grouping of Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia.
➤ What is French Indochina?
The French divided Vietnam into Tonkin, Annam, and this southern region.
➤ What is Cochinchina?
This French legal system replaced traditional Vietnamese justice.
➤ What is the Napoleonic Code?
This system of forced labour was imposed on the Vietnamese population.
➤ What is corvée labour?
Despite claims of modernisation, French rule in Indochina was primarily this.
➤ What is exploitative?
The central highlands of Vietnam and Laos’ rugged geography contributed to this pattern of resistance.
➤ What is guerrilla warfare or geographic resistance?
This 20th-century revolutionary group grew in response to French oppression.
➤ What is the Viet Minh?
Vietnamese civil servants were paid far less than these officials, reflecting colonial inequality.
➤ Who are the French administrators?
This Vietnamese nationalist criticised France for spreading liberty abroad but denying it in Indochina.
➤ Who is Phan Boi Chau?