an organism's awareness of what is happening inside or outside itself.
100
What is a biological clock?
internal chemical units that regulate regular cycles in parts of the body.
100
What are the six stages of consciousness (in order)?
Awake, Stage 1, REM, Stage 2, Stage 3, Stage 4
100
Freud believed that dreams are composed of two parts: the ________ part and the _________ part.
What is latent and manifest.
100
What are the two main causes of insomnia?
drugs and disturbances in circadian rhythms
200
What is the subconscious?
Consciousness just below our present awareness.
200
What are circadian rhythms?
Sequences of behavioral changes that occur every 24 hours.
200
At what stage of sleep do we dream?
REM sleep
200
Explain the "We dream to process information" theory.
Brain chemicals are used up during the day. Which the brain replenishes these chemicals, dreams process info from the week.
200
When you have narcolepsy, what stage of sleep do you immediately enter?
REM sleep
300
What is the unconscious?
thoughts or desires about which we have no direct knowledge.
300
Explain entrainment.
What is the process of altering free-running cycle to fit a different rhythm.
300
At what stage of sleep does sleepwalking and sleep-talking occur?
Stage 4 deep sleep
300
You fall asleep worried about a fight you had with your friends. you dream about the problem, and when you wake up, you have an idea how to fix it.
This is an example of what dream theory?
To solve unresolved problems.
300
a condition in which the person's breathing stops frequently throughout the night is called _________.
sleep apnea
400
What is a construct?
What is a concept requiring a belief in something that canot be seen or touched.
400
The human body has a natural ___ hour sleep/wake cycle.
25 hours
400
What type of brain waves do we experience during the awake state?
Beta waves
400
Explain the "to make sense of random stimulation to the brain" theory of why we dream.
While we dream, the brain flushes out garbage we don't need. In the process, the brain is stimulated in a random or "crazy" way. So we dream to make sense of the random stimulation.
400
What're two differences between a nightmare and a night terror?
Nightmares occur in REM sleep and only cause mild physiological differences; Night terrors occur during NREM, cause greater physiological changes, and are more likely to occur in children.
500
Walking into a room and having a vague sense that something is wrong is an example of ____________.
the subconscious.
500
What time of day is the low point in the human circadian rhythm?
3am and 5am
500
Why are you unlikely to sleepwalk during REM sleep?
The body goes through periods of paralysis.
500
Which of the three major theories of dreams would most likely be supported by Freud?
To work out unresolved problems.
500
What happens to a person who goes an extremely long time without sleep?
They experience hallucinations on the same cycle as REM sleep.