cell wall synthesis inhibitors
this antibiotic is closely related to d alanyl alanine a chemical component necessary for the formation of new bacterial cell walls.
penicillin
chemically distinct antibiotic that inhibits bacterial dna synthesis
fluoroquinolones
the two types of protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotics
tetracyclins and macrolides
three types of antifolates
sulfonamides and trimethoprim and combination of both , co trimoxalone
two types of antifungals
echinocandins and imidazoles or azoles
adverse effects of penicillin
gi distress due to disturbances to healthy gut flora. and allergies such as rashes swelling fever hives
this antiviral is activated by the virus and then inhibits viral DNA replication. drug o choice for hepres or vsu
acyclover
gram positive protein synthesis inhibitor, however newer ones target gram negative
macrolides ,
mechanism of action antifolates
inhibits folate metabolism in bacteria which is essential for bacteria to synthesize DNA and protein
this is a cell wall inhibitor, inhibits synthesis of a component of the cell wall resulting in fungal death
echinocandins
this cell wall synthesis inhibitor is chemically similar to penicillin but is more resistant to penicillinase than the penicillan group
cephalosporins
this binds to the 30S subunit on the ribosome complex preventing the addition of amino acids to the protein chain, inhibiting protein synthesis. broad spectrum
tetracyclines
this one competitively PABA or para amino benad incorporation into dihydropteroic acid. bacteria must synthesize tetrahydrafolic acid from PABA.
sulfonamides
ergotsterol synthesis inhibitor. inhibits fungal cytochrome p450 thereby inhibiting ergotsterol synthesis. ergotsterol is critical to cell wall synthesis
imidazoles azoles
mechanism of action cephalosporins
two glycopeptide chains are connected by an enzyme called transpeptidease. this reaction forms a strong cell wall releasing d alanine in the process. penicillin and cephalosporins resemble d alanine im structure and compete with d alanine for the binding spot on the transpeptidase, inhibiting the enzyme. without this crosslinking, the cell wall is not functional
this is effective alternative when penicillin allergy is present, binds to the 50S subunit on the ribosomal complex blocking peptide bond formation
macrolides
this one inhibits dihydrofolic acid reductase this inhibiting tetrahydrofolic acid formation
trimethoprim
two types of antivirals
oseltamivir and acyclovir
adverse effects for protein synthesis inhibitors
gi issues, nausea, diarrhea, discolouration of teeth, diminished bone growth due to high affinity to calcium. used with caution with pregant women and children under 12
combination antifolate used for the treatment of utis respiration and gi infections
co-trimoxazole
this antiviral is a neuroamidase inhibitor used to treat the flu.
oseltamivir