Alcohol
Prohibition:
1. What amendment started
2. What amendment ended
3. Effect on organized crime
1. 18th amendment, Jan 20 1920
2. 21st amendment, Dec 5 1933
3. increased org. crime- more organized and profitable
Colorado's commercialization in 2014 effects
1. 18 billion dollars of weed sold
2. 3.1 billion dollars of tax revenue
3. use by teens has not increased
4. heavy users buy the most: 22% of users buy 67% of sales
Racial disparities in US for cannabis arrests
Black Americans 3.64x more likely to be arrested than white (in 2013 it was 3.73)
KY second highest in disparity (9.4x more likely) OH 28th (3.4x)
Dutch gov. coffee shops and how it separates hard and soft drug markets
Coffee shops are places to buy and smoke weed, if ran under regulations, gov looks other way. Separates markets by providing legitimate place to get weed rather than street dealer who may want to sell harder drug for more profit
3 conditions where medical cannabis is conclusively helpful
1. muscle spasms caused by MS
2. chronic pain in adults
3. nausea caused by chemo
Prohibition cont.
1. Economic reason for prohibition ending
2. Effect of temperance movement
1. great depression: if alcohol legal, more available jobs for people who were unemployed
2. Temperance movement (women wanting husbands to stop drinking/being deadbeats/abusive) led to negative attitudes toward alcohol
What would happen if weed became Schedule III?
It would still be federally illegal, but could be prescribed and researched
How did Dutch gov respond to Drug Tourism
banned cannabis sales at coffee shops to non-residents
Australian and West Australian policy:
1. medical cannabis legal nationwide
2. states/provinces determine recreational law
3. ACT: only place with legal rec (grow and give)
4. West Australia: found that civil punishments for weed offenses better than criminal
How many states have legalized medical marijuana
40 states and DC
How did prejudice influence US alcohol policy's formation?
Anti-Catholic sentiments against Irish/Italian immigrants and their "overuse" of alcohol led to prohibition in a Protestant US
Options for weed legalization often discussed today
1. keep prohibition but loosen sanctions
2. liquor store model (sell only in specific stores)
Impact of Canada's cannabis policy
1. public health issues increased (cannabis related ER visits)
2. social justice improved, fewer cannabis arrests
3. youth's cannabis problems decreased slower than places where is illegal
Cannabis social clubs in Spain: pros and cons
Pro: promotes intentional and planned use
Con: Eastern European org. crime/black market is involved bc of how big theyre getting
Con: member-recommended system is flimsy and many drug tourists get in
Impact medical marijuana legalization had on teens using cannabis
Has actually lowered it, since ID requirement is more of a barrier than the black market
1. According to WHO, what are the most effective policies to reduce consumption and alcohol-related problems?
2. What types of policies are more politically palatable than those above? Give an example of such a program
1. taxation, limiting access, restrict advertising
2. policies targeting specific issues resulting from alcohol (ie DUI laws)
Dutch 'weitexperiment'
Government-grown weed to supply to coffee shops
Pro and Con of DC's grow and give model
Pro: decreases marketing/for profit sale to heavy users
Con: difficult to monitor if there is any trade going on
what new law may shut down Spanish cannabis clubs
Law that no substance can be smoked in an enclosed space with other people
Ohio's medical cannabis law, including what is specifically banned
1. must have ID card as patient or caregiver
2. must pay with cash and use in private
3. cannot SMOKE, must vaporize
1. Describe the impact of minimum unit pricing in Scotland and Wales
2. Discuss the impact of lockout laws in Sydney, Australia, on non-domestic and domestic violence, and tell why the laws were lifted in 2020-21.
1. MUP led to 7.6% less alcohol consumption
2. Lockout laws decreased both domestic (29%) and non-domestic violence (52%), laws lifted in 2020 because of harms on local business
Dutch cannabis use versus other Euro countries/US
1. use higher than other European countries with stricter laws
2. use lower than US (where it is illegal)
3. Dutch fade out use as they get older more than US residents
When did people on cannabis 1. think they could drive, 2. actually could drive, 3. driving worsened after consumption
1. an hour and a half after use
2. four and a half hours after use
3. half an hour after use
Rules of Dutch Coffee Shops
1. must be Dutch resident
2. must be of age
3. must smoke on premises
Describe the Supreme Court’s decision in Gonzales v. Raich and its aftermath today
1. Court sided with fed gov. right to shut down medical marijuana growth even if legal in state
2. conservatives majority voted with medical marijuana rights, but it was in support of States Rights
3. Currently: gov. renews Appropriations Rider in every yearly budget to overlook MM (but if they dont, courts decision goes into effect)
4. Holder Memo: said fed resources shouldnt be wasted on stopping state-legal medical marijuana growth