Antibiotic Classes & Prototypes
This antibiotic class works by destruction of the bacterial cell wall, is available in oral, IV and IM forms, and broadens from generation 1 to generation 5. (Include both the classification and prototype.)
What is cephalosporins (ceph-, cef-)?
This is a rare by severe side effect of infusing vancomycin too quickly.
What is Red Man Sydrome?
Tetracyclines have decreased absorption by 50% when taken with these compounds and foods. (Name 3)
What are calcium, iron, magnesium, and aluminum?
These antibiotic classifications require peaks and troughs to be drawn and evaluated before and after dosing.
What are vancomycin and aminoglycosides (gentamicin)?
Sulfonamides are administered in what TMP/SMX ratio?
This class of antibiotics is known for its broad-spectrum activity and is administered by IV. (Include both the classification and prototype.)
What is carbapenems, (imipenum/cilastin (Primaxin))?
These are the first warning sides of ototoxity that frequently occur when taking aminoglycosides or vancomycin.
What is tinnitus (hearing) and a headache (vestibular)?
Sulfonamides (TMP/SMX) should be avoided for use in patients with this type of allergy.
What is sulfa allergies?
Fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin) should be avoided in these populations due to the risk of tendon rupture. (Name 3)
What are the elderly, steroid users, and children under 18?
These three antibiotic classifications must be paired with a beta-lactamase inhibitor to prevent destruction of their beta-lactam rings.
What are penicillins, cephalosporins, and carbapenems?
This class of antibiotics is avoided in patients with renal disease or children under 8 due to its side effects. (Include both the classification and prototype.)
What is tetracylines (tetracyclines)?
DAILY DOUBLE!!
What is sulfonamides (TMP/SMX)?
Metronidazole (Flagyl) is contraindicated for use with this substance, despite controversial research.
What is alcohol?
These drug classifications are known to cause photosensitivity.
What are sulfonamides (TMP/SMX), fluroquinolones (ciprofloxacin), and tetracylcines?
Cilastatin is a BLANK that prevents degradation of carbapenems by renal enzymes.
What is a dipeptidase inhibitor?
This antibiotic classification is known for its ability to inhibit bacterial protein synthesis as well as its nephrotoxic and ototoxic side effects. (Include both the classification and prototype.)
What is aminoglycosides (gentamicin)?
This adverse reaction can occur with the use of sulfonamides (TMP/SMX) in infants. (Be able to describe this reaction for full points.)
What is kernicterus?
Penicillins (Penicillin G) should not be co-administered with these two classes of drugs in an IV solution, as they can inactivate each other.
What are aminoglycosides (gentamicin) and beta-lactamase inhibitors?
This antibiotic classification is only affective against anaerobic bacteria like C. diff.
What is mentronidazole (flagyl)?
This is an example of a beta-lactamase inhibitor and it is made by combining pipercillin and tazobactam.
What is Zosyn?
This antibiotic class can cause GI motility issues and QT prolongation. It can also cause toxic levels of theophylline, carbamazepine, and warfarin due to competition for CYP enzymes. (Include both classification and prototype.)
What is macrolides (erythromycin)?
This antibiotic classification is known to cause severe C. difficile and must be stopped immediately if C. diff occurs.
What is clindamycin?
What is Valproate Acid?
DAILY DOUBLE!!
What is vancomycin and macrolides (erythromycin)?
This medication is made by combining amoxicillin and clavulanate. Name the medication and the classification.
What is augmentin (penicillins)?