Drug Classes and Premeds
A drug used alongside anesthetics to provide effects such as sedation, muscle relaxation, anxiolysis, or analgesia is called this.
What is an anesthetic adjunct?
Rapid IV administration of this white, ultra-short induction agent can cause apnea, and the drug provides no analgesia.
What is propofol (alfaxolone also causes apnea if given too rapidly, but is clear ;) )?
This antagonist reverses opioids and may abruptly remove analgesia as well as respiratory depression.
What is naloxone?
These are the three layers of a standard soft bandage, named from the wound outward.
What are primary, secondary, and tertiary layers?
This component controls the oxygen flow rate in liters per minute; its ball is read at the middle or its bobbin at the top.
What is the oxygen flowmeter?
Headache, dizziness, nausea, and drowsiness among staff may provide an early warning of excessive exposure to this operating-room hazard.
What is a waste anesthetic gas or WAG?
This phenothiazine tranquilizer can cause hypotension and hypothermia through peripheral vasodilation and has no reversal agent.
What is acepromazine?
Because of its superior cardiovascular stability, this injectable induction drug is often considered for a patient with severe cardiac disease.
What is etomidate?
This antagonist is kept available when dexmedetomidine is used.
What is atipamezole? (antisedan trade name)
Absorption, padding, protection, and holding the contact layer in place are the major jobs of this bandage layer.
What is the secondary or intermediate layer?
This agent-specific component converts liquid inhalant into vapor and adds it to the carrier gas.
What is the vaporizer?
This upright activated-charcoal canister absorbs halogenated waste gas but not nitrous oxide and is discarded after a 50-g weight gain or 12 hours of use.
What is an F-air canister?
Dexmedetomidine belongs to this drug class, which can produce profound bradycardia and a biphasic blood-pressure response.
What is an alpha2-agonist?
Open eyes, central dilated pupils, muscle rigidity, and intact swallowing or pedal reflexes may be expected with this dissociative anesthetic.
What is ketamine?
This drug reverses benzodiazepines such as midazolam and diazepam.
What is flumazenil?
When wrapping a limb, each turn generally overlaps the previous turn by this percentage and progresses in this direction.
What are approximately 50 percent and distal to proximal?
This valve must remain open during routine anesthesia so excess gas can leave the breathing circuit for scavenging.
What is the pop-off or APL (adjustable pressure limiting) valve?
For this daily test, block the patient port, close the pop-off, inflate the system to about 20 cm H2O, and confirm that pressure holds for 10 to 15 seconds.
What is the low pressure leak test?
This opioid agonist-antagonist stimulates kappa receptors, blocks mu receptors, and is also an effective antitussive.
What is butorphanol?
This inhalant measurement is the concentration at which 50 percent of patients do not respond to a painful stimulus; a lower value means greater potency.
What is minimum alveolar concentration or MAC?
This anticholinergic is preferred for emergency bradycardia because it has an ultra-rapid onset and short duration.
What is atropine?
In an open-toed modified Robert Jones bandage, these structures remain visible so swelling, color, and temperature can be monitored.
What are the middle two digits or toes?
The circle rebreathing system is generally used above this patient weight, while a non-rebreathing system is used below it.
What is 7kg or less than 15#?
Pressing this control while a patient is connected can deliver oxygen at 35 to 75 L/min and cause fatal pulmonary barotrauma.
What is the oxygen flush valve or button?
The combined administration of an opioid and a tranquilizer to produce profound sedation and analgesia is known by this term.
What is neuroleptanalgesia?
A low value for this inhalant property produces rapid induction, recovery, and depth changes because little anesthetic dissolves in blood.
What is the blood-gas partition coeficient?
A young healthy dog becomes excited rather than sedate after midazolam. This named type of adverse response explains the finding.
What is a paradoxical reaction or paradoxical excitement?
A patient returns with cold, swollen, discolored toes distal to a bandage. Identify the concern and the immediate response.
What is circulatory compromise or regional ischemia, requiring prompt bandage removal or loosening and veterinary reassessment?
Using the 60 mL/kg minimum-volume rule, select the smallest standard reservoir bag for a 20-kg dog.
What is a 2L reservoir bag?
During anesthesia, the reservoir bag suddenly collapses while an active scavenger is running. Identify the likely pressure problem and the system that should protect the patient.
What is excessive negative pressure from scavenger suction, relieved by the scavenger interface or negative-pressure relief valve?