Thyroid
What are some symptoms of Hyperthyroidism in adults?
Name two corticosteroids that bring symptoms under control with "burst" dosing
Hydrocortisone and Prednisone
What is Type 1 vs Type 2 diabetes
Type 1: autoimmune disorder, does not produce adequate amounts of insulin No beta cells
Type 2: Target cells become unresponsive to insulin (not using insulin efficiently)-can be corrected with diet and exercise
What can insulin be administered to pt's
SubQ injection, Subq infusion, IV infusion
Metformin is used for prevention of type 2 diabetes, what kind of pt would be well suited for this drug?
Pt's who skip meals due to loss of appetite, N+V, metallic taste and PO w/ breakfast+dinner
Which labs do you monitor with hypothyroidism?
TSH-elevated, T3 and T4 levels diminished
Which corticosteroid can only be given PO
Prednisone
True or False: Somatostatin blocks the secretion of both insulin and glucagon.
True
Bonus if you can name which pancreatic cells.
Delta
What are the types of insulin
Short duration: rapid acting
Short duration: slower acting
Intermediate duration
Long duration
What are the contraindications for metformin
advanced kidney diseaser, HF, liver failure, history of lactic acidosis, Toxicity (causes lactic acidosis), Alcohol
Red flag: any radiology procedures
Name the 6 major hormones of the anterior pituitary gland.
GH, ACTH, FSH, LH, PRL, TSH
Name 2-3 nursing considerations for corticosteroids
Admin at the same time daily with food (am best), assess vs for temp and bp elevations, monitor potassium, sodium, T3, T4, and glucose levels, when ready to discont-must taper
Alpha cells in the pancreas releases?
Glucagon
When is a pt most at risk when on insulin and why?
Peak: low blood sugar
What are the two sulfonylureas and what is their moa?
glucotrol and glyburide-promote insulin release
What is Graves' disease?
What is Addison's Disease
A deficiency of both corticosteroids and mineralocorticoids-result of autoimmune response.
What are some monitoring treatments of Diabetes?
Fasting plasma glucose (>126mg/dl indicates diabetes), self-monitoring of blood glucose, continuous glucose monitoring, hemoglobin A1c (>6.5% indicates diabetes)
What are some complications of insulin treatment
Hypoglycemia, lipohypertrophy (accumulation of subQ fat), allergic reactions, hypokalemia, drug interactions
What is the contradiction for sulfonylureas
sulfa allergies
Name the hormones of the POSTERIOR pituitary gland.
oxytocin, ADH
What are some symptoms of Addison's Disease
Labs: Hypoglycemia, low plasma cortisol and high plasma ACTH levels. Fatigue, ortho hypotension, darkening skin pigmentation, joint pain, GI disturbances
Severe: confusion, coma
What is the greatest concern with insulin therapy in Type 1 Diabetes?
Hypoglycemia
The only insulin that can be given IV
Regular
What are some of the AE's for the sulfonylureas
hypoglycemia, wt gain, GI distress, hepatotoxicity; ETOH can cause disulfirm-like reaction (flushing, palpitations, N)--drug to drug reaction