Drug/Sport Exam 2

SARMS

100

What is 1 medical disease treated with SARMS?

muscle wasting, cancer, muscle dystrophy, osteoporosis 

200

Where are athletes purchasing SARMS?

Blackmarket, Animal drugs, un-healthy supplements

300

What is the key (specific) benefit of SARMS in bone compared to other therapies?

SARMS may help deposit bone (osteoblasts). All other therapies just decrease reabsorption (osteoclasts)

500

Describe 1 potential theory behind why SARMS cause tissue specific effects.

• Enzyme theory
• Co-regulator theory
• Intracellular signaling cascade theory

Growth Factors

100

Erythropoietin (EPO) is released by what endocrine gland?

Kidneys

200

What is a typical hematocrit range for males?

40 - 50%

300

What is growth hormone composed of?

Protein

500

How do Cobalt and Xenon increase athlete performance?

Stimulating Hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) to increase hematocrit through EPO production 

Beta-2 Agonists

100

What hormones typically bind to these receptors?

Epi/Norepinephrine

200

What are 3 side effects of beta 2 agonists?

Many.... 

•Tachycardia, Cardiac arrythmia, High blood pressure, Anxiety/shakiness, Headache, Sweating, Cramps

300

How long do the effects of typical short-acting beta-2 agonist medication last?

< 5 hours

500

Explain how beta-2 agonists metabolic effect influence exercise performance?

Lipolysis of adipose tissue causes greater reliance on lipids. + body composition long term and glycogen sparing during exercise.

Hormone/Metabolic Modulators

100

What would aromatase inhibitors cause?

Decreased conversion of testosterone to estrogen 

200

What modulator had a significant spike in use when WADA started testing for it?

Meldonium & TMZ

300

Describe 2 of the major classes of modulators

• Aromatase inhibitors (decrease estrogen conversion)
• Anti-estrogen (block estrogen)
• Preventing Activin Receptor IIB Activation (Myostatin Inhibitor)
• Metabolic modulators (Insulin, PPAR, AMPK, Trimetazidine, Meldonium)

500

Explain the effect insulin has in 3 types of tissue

Resting muscle: increase AA uptake, protein synthesis, decreased breakdown, glycogen synthesis

Adipose: Increase FFA synthesis/decreased breakdown

Liver: Increase glycogen synthesis

More....

Diuretics/Masking Agents

100

What endocrine gland releases ADH?

Posterior pituitary

200

What is the scientific measurement of urine hydration

Specific gravity

300

Compare Loop Diuretics to Aldosterone blockers

Both increase urine production through reducing electrolyte re-absoprtion. Aldosterone blockers mainly work on Na+ while Loop's work on Na+/K+/Cl-

500

What non-diuretic drug decreases the excretion of anabolic steroids?

Probenecid